Poly nucleation rate

Umemoto, S. et al.. Molecular weight dependence of primary nucleation rate of poly(ethylene succinate), J. Macromol. ScL, Part B Phys. 42, 421 30, 2003. 

Curcio, E., Fontananova, E., Di Rrofio, G. and DrioU, E. 2006. Influence of the structural properties of poly(vinyhdene fluoride) membranes on the heterogeneous nucleation rate of protein crystals. 110 12438-12445. 

Fig. 19.1. Temperature dependencies of the primary nucleation rate (I) (A) and the linear crystal growth rate (G) (Q) for poly(ethylene succinate) (PEISU) [14] with a molecular weight (M) of 8,770. The solid and broken lines are results from the best fitting procedure for G based on Eq. (19.2) and for I based on Exj. (19.11) by the Arrhenius and the WLF expressions of the molecular transport term, respectively...

N. Di Pasquale, D.L. Marchisio, A.A. Barresi, and P. Carbone, Solvent structuring and its effect on the polymer structure and processability The case of water-acetone poly-s-caprolactone mixtures. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 118 (46), 13258-13267, 2014. N. Di Pasquale, D.L. Marchisio, P. Carbone, and A.A. Barresi, Identification of nucleation rate parameters with MD and validation of the CFD model for polymer particle precipitation, Chemical Engineering Research and. Design, 91, 2275-2290, 2013. 

Fig. 9.26 Plot of spherulite nucleation rate in poly(hexamethylene adipamide), Mn = 14 600, at indicated crystallization temperatures. (From McLaren (108))...

The nucleation rate during shear induced crystaUization has been measured under the assumption that each morphological structure, such as spheruUtes or axialites, comes from one nucleus. Thus, by measuring the number of such structures per unit volume as a function of time the nucleation rate can be obtained. For example, by this measure there is a thirty-fold increase in the nucleation density in poly(e-caprolactone) with the application of a stress of500 Pa.(70) The nucleation density obtained by this method is not usually linear withtime.(64,68,73) However, there is a linear portion that allows for a representative nucleation rate to be obtained. Another example of the increase in nucleation rate with shear rate is illustrated in Fig. 12.18... 

Fig. 12.18 Plot of nucleation rate against shear rate, y s for a copolymer of isotactic poly(propylene) at indicated temperatures oTc = 133.9°C m Tc = 136.4 °C o Tc = 138.5 °C. (From Tribout et al. (64))...

Fig. 13.31 Plot of log nucleation rate against l/(Ar) for poly(ethylene oxide) crystallizing from tripropionin solutions. Weight percent polymer A 30% o 10% 5%. (From Sasaki et al. (87))...

Cyclic voltammetric studies involving polymers, 558 and the nature of charge carriers, 561 and the nucleation loop, 557 of poly (3-methylthiophene), 564 and parallel-band electrodes, 570 Cyclic voltammograms as a function of scan rate, 559 involving polymerization, 559 with polyanaline, 566 of polypyrrole film, 581... 

Sodium ionomers are commercially recognized as the most effective nucleating agents for PET compounds. The typical use rate of sodium ionomer-based nucleating agents is 3-4 wt%. The sodium salt of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) is a particularly effective nucleating agent for PET. 

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