Poly macromolecule delivery

Hanes, J. Chiba, M. Langer, R. Degradation of porous poly(anhydride-co-imide) microspheres and implications for controlled macromolecule delivery. Biomaterials 1998, 19 (1-3), 163-172. 

Lactide/glycoUde polymers have been investigated for delivery of several other macromolecules. Synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly-isosinic acid/polycytidylic acid, a potent inducer of interferon, was formulated in a 53 47 copolymer of DL-lactide-co-glycoUde. The microspheres were evaluated in mice challenged with Right Valley fever virus. More than 16 days protection was afforded versus only 3 days for controls (137). 

Ethylene vinyl acetate has also found major applications in drug delivery. These copolymers used in drug release normally contain 30-50 wt% of vinyl acetate. They have been commercialized by the Alza Corporation for the delivery of pilocarpine over a one-week period (Ocusert) and the delivery of progesterone for over one year in the form of an intrauterine device (Progestasert). Ethylene vinyl acetate has also been evaluated for the release of macromolecules such as proteins. The release of proteins form these polymers is by a porous diffusion and the pore structure can be used to control the rate of release (3). Similar nonbiodegradable polymers such as the polyurethanes, polyethylenes, polytetrafluoroethylene and poly(methyl methacrylate) have also been used to deliver a variety of different pharmaceutical agents usually as implants or removal devices. 

J. Kopecek and R. Duncan, Poly(/V-(2-hydro-xypropyl)methacrylamide) macromolecules as drug carrier systems, in Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery (L. Ilium and S. S. Davis, eds.), Wright, Bristol, 1987, p. 152. 

The failure in increasing residence time of mucoadhesive systems in the human intestinal tract has led scientists to the evaluation of multifunctional mucoadhesive polymers. Research in the area of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems has shed light on other properties of some of the mucoadhesive polymers. One important class of mucoadhesive polymers, poly(acrylic acid) derivatives, has been identified as potent inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes [72-74]. The interaction between various types of mucoadhesive polymers and epithelial cells has a direct influence on the permeability of mucosal epithelia by means of changing the gating properties of the tight jrmctions. More than being only adhesives, some mucoadhesive polymers can therefore be considered as a novel class of multifunctional macromolecules with a number of desirable properties for their use as delivery adjuvants [72,75]. 

Mahmud A, Xiong X-B, Lavasanifar A (2006) Novel self-associating poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(E-caprolactone) block copolymers with functional side groups on the polyester block for drug delivery. Macromolecules 39 9414-9428... 

Luo, D. Haverstick, K. Belcheva, N. Han, E. Saltzman, W.M. Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer for biocompatible, high-efficiency DNA delivery. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 3456-3462. 

Kopecek J, Duncan R. Poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) macromolecules as drug carrier systems. In Blum L, Davis SS, eds. Polymers in Controlled Drug Delivery. Bristol, U.K. Wright, 1987 152. 

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