Poly-galacturonate

Jellinek H.H.G. Chen P.A. (1972) Poly(galacturonic acid)-bivalent metal complexes J. Polym. Sci. 10, 287-293. 

Galacturonic acid or poly-galacturonic acid V-acetyl [Phe8(CH2—NH)Arg9] bradykinin Enoxaparin, heparin Cyclodextrins... 

Methyl esterification takes place after poly(galacturonic acid) is formed, and Kauss and coworkers315-317 showed that the mung-bean particulate-fraction that contains the galactosyluronic transferase also contains an enzyme responsible for methylating carboxyl groups of poly(galacturonic acid). The methyl donor for this reaction is S-adeno-syl-L-methionine. 

Molecular dynamics calculations of poly-galacturonic (PGA) acid chains and poly-galacturonate complexes... 

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS OF POLYGALACTURONIC (PGA) ACID CHAINS AND POLY-GALACTURONATE COMPLEXES WITH Na AND Ca ... 

Kohn, R. and Luknar, O. 1977. Intermolecular calcium ion binding on polyuronates-poly-galacturonate and polyguluronate, Coll. Czech. Commun., 42 731-744. 

Changes in strawberry cell wall components upon ripening were studied by solid-state 13C NMR.162 The separation between semi-rigid (primarily poly-galacturonic acid) and semi-mobile (non-cellulosic substances) domains became more distinct with ripening, whereas the ratio of non-cellulosic material (pectins and hemicellulose) to rigid cellulose decreased. The basic crystallite of strawberry cell walls appeared to be exceptionally small compared with other systems studied.162... 

Binding to cell walls is important for cations of Cd, Zn, Fe, and Cu. These are sorbed at negatively charged sites of poly-galacturonic acids, or precipitated for instance as Zn silicate (Neumann and Zur Nieden 2001). Copper can also be bound to glycoproteins or proteins (Van Cutsem and GUlet 1982). 

Many PECs are prepared using chitosan as the polycationic component, therefore they will be discussed separately. Chitosan, the product of N-deacetylation of chitin, is one of the most commonly used cationic polymers of pharmaceutical interest due to its biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and mucoadhesivity. It is frequently used to form PECs, often in combination with alginate, carrageenan," hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate (CS)," carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or poly(galacturonic acid), since these are natural anionic polysaccharides with favorable pharmaceutical properties. 

ArgueUes-Monal W., Cabrera G., Peniche C., Rinaudo M., Conductometric study of the inter-polyelectrolyte reaction between chitosan and poly(galacturonic add). Polymer, 41,2000, 2373—2378. 

Figure 9. Dependence of the enthalpy of dissociation, AH j sg, on the degree of ionization, a, of pectic acid in 0.05 M NaC104 aqueous solution. Polymer concentration Cg = 9.7 x 10 M. Th dashed curve has been calculated according to equations (19) and (20) for poly(galacturonic acid) (5 = 1-596, N = 100) (see Figure 2).

Grape pomace Wheat bran + poly galacturonic acid, sugar beet pulp... 

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