Polarization energy chains

MWs are a form of non-ionizing radiation with a typically standard frequency of 2.45 GHz, a wavelength of 12.2 cm and photon energy of 10 5 electron volts. When dipolar molecules such as water or the polar side chains of proteins are exposed to the rapidly alternating electromagnetic fields, they oscillate through 180° at the rate of 2.45 billion cycles... 

As an example, the charged phosphate group on phosphatidylethanol-amine, for example, can interact with the hydrocarbon (CH2) chain of an amino acid—for example, valine—in a peptide. A similar situation would hold in the example to the right for interaction of the hydrocarbon unit in a peptide chain. In both instances the groups with permanent dipole moments can induce a temporary dipole moment in an adjacent molecule. These interactions, however, are very weak and act only at very short distances thus the polarization energies may be of the order of 0.002-0.004 kcal/mol at a distance of 5 A. 

A hydrophobidty scale for amino adds. The free energy of transfer from organic solvent to water depends linearly on the accessible surface area of a solute molecule [136 to 138], as illustrated for a number of hydrocarbons and amino adds in Fig. 2.11. For the hydrocarbons and the amino adds with nonpolar side chains Ala, Val, Leu, Phe, the lines with a slope of 25 cal A-2 and 22 cal A-2 respectively pass through the origin. The line for the amino adds with polar side chains Ser, Thr, His, Met, Tyr, Tip also has a slope of about 25 cal A-2, but the free energy of transfer is systematically lower than expected from their surface areas. 

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