Polar mapping

Fig. 3. Different types of measurement patterns and points (a) 49-point diameter scan, upper left (b) 49-point polar map, upper right (c) 21-point contour map, lower left and (c) 9-point contour map, lower right.

Since reflectometry is a major metrology tool in CMP processes, another important issue is the number of measurement points on the wafer that are required to determine the film thickness and uniformity without sacrificing cycle time. Table II presents a comparison of number of data points vs the measurement efficiency and accuracy using the polar map pattern on the... 

Figure 20 indicates the pyroelectric current in calender-rolled rigid poly (vinyl chloride) (PVQ (Furukawa and others, 1968). In Fig. 20, results are shown for fifteen specimens cut from a sheet of PVC film, with the polarity map as Fig. 21. The map shows a heterogeneity of polarity.

Figure Surface brightness and polarization map of IRC+10216 in the K band, with the beam size of 20" and 12", respectively. Filled and open circles in the middle of the polarization vectors indicate positions of polarimetry made in 1987 January and February, respectively.

In conclusion, almost quantitative agreement is obtained between experimental static deformation maps and extended triple- -plus polarization maps. 

Figure 4.20 STE-ACS due to LAD occlusion proximal to D1 but distal to S1. (A) Site of occlusion (B) myocardial area at risk (C) bull s-eye polar map with involved segments.

Occlusion distal to SI and D1 branches (Figures 4.22-4.24, and Table 4.1 A(3)) When the occlusion is located below the SI and D1 (Figure 4.22A), the area at risk involves the inferior third of the left ventricular, with almost invariably some inferior involvement and only low-lateral involvement (apical involvement). In Figure 4.22B the area affected can be observed, and in Figure 4.22C a polar map of that area is shown. The more affected segments are 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, and sometimes part of segments 7, 8, 9,12 and 16. 

S1-S2 branches (Figures 4.28 and 4.29, and Table 4.1A(6)) In this case the area at risk involves more or less extensively, according to the number of septal branches involved, the septal wall. Often the involvement is especially of mid-apical septal part because the LAD incomplete occlusion is distal and also with certain extension towards the anterior wall. This occlusion is rarely located in the SI or S2 branches. In Figure 4.29B, C the involved area and the polar map are shown. The most affected segments are 2 and 8 and, sometimes, part of segments 3,9 and 14. 

Figure 4.25 Above (A) STE-ACS due to LAD occlusion proximal to S1 but distal to D1. (A) The site of occlusion. (B) Myocardial area at risk. (C) Bull s-eye polar map with involved segments. (D) Injury vector directed to the right and forwards due to occlusion proximal to S1. In case of a long LAD involving also inferior wall, the vector can be directed somewhat downwards due to relatively small myocardial area of anterior wall involved in case of occlusion distal to D1. The occlusion distal to D1 explains the ST-segment elevation from V1 to V3-V4 and...

RCA occlusion proximal to the RV branches (Figures 4.30-4.32 and Table 4.1B(7)) When the RCA occlusion is proximal to the RV branches (Figure 4.30A), the area at risk involves the RV and part of inferolateral zone, more or less extensive according to the dominance of RCA. In Figure 4.30B, C the involved myocardial area is shown, as well as the polar map in case of balanced dominance. The more affected segments are 3, 4, 9 and 10, and part of segments 14 and 15. 

B) Myocardial area at risk. (C) Polar map in bull s-eye projection with the most involved segments marked in gray. (D) Injury vector projected on frontal, horizontal and... 

Figure 4.33 STE-ACS due to RCA occlusion after RV branches (arrow). At the same degree of dominance (RCA vs. LCX) the LV myocardial area at risk may be nearly the same as in case of occlusion proximal to RV branches if the occlusion is located just after these branches. (A) Site of occlusion. (B) Myocardial area at risk. (C) Polar map in bull s-eye projection with the most involved segments...

Figure 4.39 Above STE-ACS due to occlusion of the obtuse marginal branch (OM). (A) Site of the occlusion. (B) Myocardial area at risk. (C) Polar map of the involved area. (D) Injury vector that is directed to the left (approximately 0° to +20° in the frontal plane) and somewhat backwards. Occasionally, if small, it hardly produces any ST-segment deviations. If they occur, the ST-segment elevation is observed in some lateral and inferior leads especially in I, II, VF and V6, with a usually...

Alkorta I, Perez JJ, Villar HO. Molecular polarization maps as a tool for studies of intermolecular interactions and chemical reactivity. J Mol Graph 1994 12 3-13. 

Figure 1.5. Polar map of the torsional angles of the [3434] conformation of cyclotetradecane (181).

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