Poisoning with mushrooms containing

From recent literature it must be coneluded that mushrooms of the genera Inocybe and Clitocybe contain toxic components that are different from muscarine. The severe symptoms reported of an Israeli ehild poisoned with /. tristis therefore departed from what is known of musearine poisoning (Amitai et al., 1982). The toxic activities of C. acromelalga and C. amoenolens, two Clitocybe species containing clitidine and acromelic acid A, respectively, were studied in rats (Fukuwatari et al., 2001 Saviuc et al., 2003). 

The poisonous components of the most deadly mushroom Amanita phalloides (the Death Cap) are bicyclic heptapeptides which have an additional covalent bond that connects the ( -sulfur atom of an l-cysteine residue with the carbon atom in position 2 of the indole ring of the L-tryptophan. Phalloidin (or phalloidine) is the most abundant member of a whole family of related cyclic heptapeptides called phallotoxins (for a review, see Wieland1 1). These poisonous peptides, therefore, contain a cross-linking moiety consisting of L-tryptophan coupled to L-cysteine, designated tryptathionine (1), alternatively called 5-(trypto-phan-2-yl)cysteine or 2-(L-3-alanylsulfenyl)-L-tryptophan (Scheme 1). 

Lactarius species are milk -containing mushrooms. Poisonous Lactarius are generally found in species with white latex. After eating large quantities of these mushrooms, symptoms such as vomiting, profuse diarrhea, and sweating will occur fifteen minutes to one hour after the meal. The nature of the toxin is unknown. 

These beautiful, stark-white mushrooms are among the deadliest mushrooms in the world, containing enough poison to kill a healthy adult with just one bite. All of these mushrooms have a cap 2" to 5" wide oval becoming convex, then broadly convex to nearly plane in age. The flesh is smooth, dry, stark white, sometimes coloring to yellow or to bright red with age. Gills are white and close. Stems are 3" to 8"... 

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