Point sources water scarcity

Table 2 Fate and effects of metals in a stream receiving a point-source of metals (upper part of the table) or diffuse input via urban runoff (lower part of the table). Summary of the expected influence of four different hydrological situations base-flow in a rainy period a flood after a rainy period low-flow after a long period of low rainfall (water scarcity) and a flood produced after this drought. Metal concentration (M) metal retention efficiency (measured on the basis of the nutrient spiraling concept) exposure (dose and duration) bioaccumulation (in fluvial biofilms) and metal sensitivity (of biofihns)...

Keywords Nitrogen, Nutrient retention, Phosphorus, Point sources. River, Stream, Wastewater treatment plants. Water scarcity... 

Point Sources Under Water Scarcity Managing... 

This chapter aims to review current knowledge on the effects of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) inputs (as major nutrient point sources) on stream nutrient dynamics, with major emphasis on nutrient loads and in-stream nutrient retention, and to discuss its implications within the context of actual and future scenarios of water scarcity conditions. Following this introduction, the second section of this chapter describes water quality problems associated with wastewater inputs from urban areas and how they are faced within the context of increasing urbanization across the world and its higher impact on water availability. In the third section, we... 

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