Pockels

Fig. ni-14. Cross section of the PLAWM (Pockels-Langmuir-Adam-Wilson-McBain) trough. 

About this time Miss Pockelsf [3] showed how films could be confined by means of barriers thus she found little change in the surface tension of fatty-acid films until they were confined to an area corresponding to about 20 per molecule (the Pockels point). In 1899, Rayleigh [5] commented that a reasonable interpretation of the Pockels point was that at this area the molecules of the surface material were just touching each other. The picture of a surface film... 

Langmuir also gave needed emphasis to the importance of employing pure substances rather than the various natural oils previously used. He thus found that the limiting area (at the Pockels point) was the same for palmitic, stearic, and cerotic acids, namely, 21 per molecule. (For convenience to the reader, the common names associated with the various hydrocarbon derivatives most frequently mentioned in this chapter are given in Table IV-1.)... 

Pockels A 1892 On the relative contaminations of the water-surface by equal quantities of different substances Nature 46 418-9... 

Pockels A 1893 Relationship between the surface-tension and relative contamination of water surfaces Nature 48 152-4... 

Figure 9.4 Use of Pockels cell (PC) in a laser cavity to produce 0-switchmg...

Pockel s effect Pocket calculators POC13 Podates POD fibers... 

Materials for Electrooptic Modulation. The fundamental phenomenon of Pockel s effect is a phase change, A( ), of a light beam in response to a low frequency electric field of voltage, V. Relevant relationships for coUinear electrical and optical field propagation are as foUows (1 6) ... 

The dynamic Kerr effect (DKE) is the third-order analogue of the second-order Pockel s effect. DKE also gives rise to phase shifts given by... 

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