Platinum phthalocyanine

Platinum phthalocyanine (PcPt) is prepared by the reaction of phthalonitrile286,288 or isoindolinediimine114,117,288 with platinum(ll) chloride in a solvent such as 2-(dimethyl-amino)ethanol under the catalytic influence of l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0Jundec-7-ene. Another possibility is the fusion of phthalonitrile and pialinum(II) chloride58,156,157 or dipotassium tet-rachloroplatinate(II) (K2PtCl4) in the presence of urea, ammonium molybdate(Vl) and sodium sulfate.289... 

There are no onefold positions, and all other positions in the cell are fourfold. If in a unit cell having this symmetry there are only two atoms of a particular kind, these must lie in one pair of centres of symmetry and we may choose which pair we like, for all give the same arrangement as far as these atoms are concerned. This is the situation in platinum phthalocyanine the two platinum atoms in the cell lie without any doubt in a pair of symmetry centres (see p. 370). 

The three necessary conditions are fulfilled in the b projection of the platinum phthalocyanine crystal, (Robertson and Woodward, 1940.)... 

The macrocyclic phthalocyanine ligand will form a complex Pt(phthalocyanine).1106 The crystal structure shows two polymorphs present because of molecular packing.1107 The platinum is in a square planar coordination geometry with a mean Pt—N distance of 1.98 A. The complex can be partially oxidized with iodine to give conducting mixed valence solids.1108 Eighteen fundamental and overtone combination bands are observed in the resonance Raman spectrum of platinum phthalocyanine, and from this data the symmetry of the excited singlets are found to be Dy.. Qlv or D2.1109... 

Platinum phthalocyanine may be prepared from platinous chloride and phthalonitrile (10). The reaction of phthalonitrile with platinum metal gives only the metal-free derivative. Both these reactions are in contrast... 

Figure 8a. The structure of platinum phthalocyanine. Electron density map of the molecule projected on a plane inclined at angle of 26.5 to the plane of the molecule.

Paliteiro, A., A. Hamnett, and J.B. Goodenough (1984). Cathodic reduction of oxygen by platinum phthalocyanine thin flhns. J. Electroanal. Chem. 160, 359-367. 

The conclusions presented above are based mainly on Robertson s papers of 1935 and 1936. They are in complete accord with the results of Robertson and Woodward (157) on platinum phthalocyanine published in 1940. 

Kaneko K, Furuya K, Hungria A, Hernandez-Garrido J, Midgley P, Onodera T, Kasai H, Yaguchi Y, Oikawa H, Nomura Y, Harada H, Ishihara T, Baba N (2009) Nanostructural characterization and catalytic analysis of hybridized platinum/phthalocyanine nanocomposites. J Electron Microsci 58 289-294... 

Phthalocyanine was discovered by accident in 1907 when Braun and Tchemiac isolated a small amount of blue precipitate after heating o-cyanobenzamide in alcohol [41]. The chemical structure of phthalocyanine was established by Robertson and co-workers who reported the X-ray single crystal structures of nickel phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine and platinum phthalocyanine [42-45]. Phthalocyanines show intense... 

The polymer support route is based on the fixation of a phthalonitrile (A) on a polymer, while a different phthalonitrile (B) is added forming a l 3-product, which can be isolated by removing it from the polymer. Unsymmetrically octalkoxy-substituted nickel palladium and platinum phthalocyanines have been prepared recently starting from differently disubstituted phthalonitriles [91]. 

J. H. Jiang, A. Kucernak, An electrochemical impedance study of the electrochemical doping process of platinum phthalocyanine microcrystals in non-aqueous electrolytes, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001,514,1-2, pp. 1-15. 

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