PLATINUM-GROUP METALS, COMPOUNDS

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th Edition) 

The most common oxidation states and the corresponding electronic configuration of mthenium are +2 and +3 (t5 ). Compounds are usually octahedral. Compounds in oxidations states from —2 and 0 (t5 ) to +8 have various coordination geometries. Important appHcations of mthenium compounds include oxidation of organic compounds and use in dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). 

Binary Compounds. The mthenium fluorides are RuF [51621 -05-7] RuF [71500-16-8] tetrameric (RuF ) [14521 -18-7] (15), and RuF [13693-087-8]. The chlorides of mthenium are RUCI2 [13465-51-5] an insoluble RuCl [10049-08-8] which exists in an a- and p-form, mthenium trichloride ttihydrate [13815-94-6], RuCl3-3H2 0, and RuCl [13465-52-6]. Commercial RuCl3-3H2 0 has a variable composition, consisting of a mixture of chloro, 0x0, hydroxo, and often nitrosyl complexes. The overall mthenium oxidation state is closer to +4 than +3. It is a water-soluble source of mthenium, and is used widely as a starting material. Ruthenium forms bromides, RuBr2 [59201-36-4] and RuBr [14014-88-1], and an iodide, Rul [13896-65-6]. 

Organometallic Compounds. Ruthenium, predominately in the oxidation states 0 and +2, forms numerous mononuclear and polynuclear organometaUic compounds. A few examples of compounds in both higher and lower oxidation states also exist. The chemistry of polynuclear mthenium complexes is extensive and has been reviewed (53—59). 

Synthesis. The most important starting material for the synthesis of mthenium compounds is the commercial trichloride ttihydrate. Other useful starting materials include [RuCl3(OH2)]2- [3187-84-2], [Ru30(00CCH3)3(0H2)3]00CCH3 [38998-79-7], and [Ru3(CO) 2] [15243-33-1]. 

To convert metric tons to troy oz, multiply by 32,154. C To convert /kg to /troy oz, multiply by 0.0311. 

Nitric oxide has a high affinity for ruthenium, and its complexes have been reviewed (36—41). The RuNO group can occur in many coordination 

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With osmium tetroxide catalyst [PLATINUM-GROUP METALS, COMPOUNDS] (Vol 19)... 

CARBON - CARBON AND ARTIFICIALGRAPHITE - APPLICATIONS OF BAKED AND GRAPHITIZED CARBON] (Vol 4) -With osmium tetroxide catalyst [PLATINUM-GROUP METALS, COMPOUNDS] (Vol 19)... 

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