Plastics, starch derivatives

There are several practical applications involving interactions between starch and saccharides. For example, starch-derived sugars are used as plasticizers for starch.956 Thus, the addition of potato starch to sugar syrup increases the solution viscosity to a level where it retains gas bubbles and is suitable for producing froths.957 Agaran, starch, and swollen Sephadex G-200 form a mixed support for zone electrophoresis.958 A plywood of improved strength resulted from the blending of an aqueous solution of... 

To coimter the loss of water dining the process and a significant degradation of the material, to prevent, e.g., the formation of cellular stractures output from an extruder, and to obtain a material with controlled properties, we use a non-volatile plasticizer such as glycerol or other polyols (sorbitol, xylitol, fructose, polyethylene glycol, etc.) [AVE 04a, XIE 12]. Blends of these different polyols are also used [CHI 10b]. Other, notably nitrogenous plasticizers (urea, ammonium derivatives, amines, etc.) can also be used. Plasticized starches are thus created. They are... 

The most common use of P LA is for compostable sugarcane trays and in punnets or pallets. A starch derivative, PLA can be manufactured from maize and other plants and is a biodegradable, compostable plastic material. The material is obtainable in a range of blends and can be used in sheet or film form for a diverse range of products including food containers. It can be used for rigid thermoforms, films. 

Concerning starch derivatives, their domains of applications is sensibly the same as those of other natural polymers, but their hydrophilicity could be modulated by the partial chemical modification of hydroxyl groups. Like cellulose derivatives, they can even be used as plastics. 

Carr ME. 1994b. Preparation of starch derivatives by reactive extmsion. In ANTEC 94 Plastics Gateway to the Future. Brookfield, CT Society of Plastics Engineers, pp 1444-1448. 

A rather impressive Hst of materials and products are made from renewable resources. For example, per capita consumption of wood is twice that of all metals combined. The ceUulosic fibers, rayon and cellulose acetate, are among the oldest and stiU relatively popular textile fibers and plastics. Soy and other oilseeds, including the cereals, are refined into important commodities such as starch, protein, oil, and their derivatives. The naval stores, turpentine, pine oil, and resin, are stiU important although their sources are changing from the traditional gum and pine stumps to tall oil recovered from pulping. 

Starch-plastic composites contain a mixture of two very different types of materials (/) hydrophobic, petrochemical-derived polymers (PE, EAA) known to be highly resistant to degradation by living organisms, and (i7) a hydrophilic, natural polymer (starch) that is easily broken down by a wide array of organisms. In the process developed by Otey (3), these fundamentally incompatible materials are forced into an intimate mixture during production of the plastic film. Since... 

Transportation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol and other various raw materials is the same as for Bionolle. Starch and plasticizer are transported to Showa Denko Tatsuno Factory from domestic and overseas production plants. We derive various scenarios from actual transport information in this study, including distance, route, means of transport, and loading ratios. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission related to transportation are estimated based on these scenarios. As starch is assumed to be produced in the USA, we account for both sea transportation from the USA to Japan and land transportation from domestic ports to the Tatsuno Factory in this study. For inventory data per unit amount of transport during transportation, we refer to data from JEMAI LCA Ver. 1.1.6 [8] for land transportation and data from the literature [15] for sea transportation in particular, data from the literature [16] is also referred to for sea transportation distances. 

Cellulose, which is more fibrous than wood flour, is used as a filler for urea and melamine plastics. Melamine dishware is a laminated structure consisting of molded resin-impregnated paper. Starch and soybean derivatives are biodegradable, and the rate of disintegration of resin composites containing these fillers may be controlled by the amount of these fillers present in polymers. 

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