Plasma experiment

All plasma experiments were performed with an LMP reactor which has been described elsewhere in detail (5). The reactor is equipped with a heatable, rotating platen, 15 cm. in diameter, to which are fastened specimens for surface modification. The reactor operates at 2.45 GHz frequency and at power in the range 0.1 - 2.5 kW. 

In plasma experiments only the starting materials and final products are known. It is rare for intermediates to be identified with certainty so that many questions concerning the mechanism remain open. 

Not every compound is suitable for plasma experiments. Since plasma is limited to the gas phase, only compounds which distill in vacuum without decomposing can be used in plasma chemistry. When such molecules have several reactive groups, they frequently yield a number of products. If, however, one of the possible reaction routes requires considerably less energy than the others, the reaction leads exclusively or predominantly to a single product. 

Figures 14 and 15 show interesting comparison of the results calculated by different methods and those obtained from the laser plasma experiments due to Woolsey et al. [104] and Nantel et al. [99]. Detailed comparison of the theoretical results using an ion sphere model and those from laser plasma experiments [99,104] in Table 2 indicate the viability of the IS model calculations for dense plasmas.

Kar and Ho [196] have estimated the oscillator strengths for different transitions, dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of He for a wide range of the Debye screening parameters using explicitly correlated wavefunctions. Results presented by Kar and Ho [196] are very accurate and may be of substantial use for comparison with those from laser plasma experiments. The behavior of several singly and doubly excited states of He under screened potential was also accurately estimated by Kar and Ho [197] using correlated basis functions. Variation of the transition wavelength as a... 

In plasma experiments the electron energy distribution is very broad. By contrast, the electron beam energy distribution of the EBIT is narrow and the energy can be tuned. The helium-like resonances are isolated by setting the electron beam energy to 7.0 keV, 1.85 keV above the direct electron-impact exci-... 

Magnitude of the Type I ELM Energy and Particle Losses from the Core Plasma and Their Extrapolation to Next Step Burning Plasma Experiments... 

Energy Fluxes to PFCs During Type I ELMs in Existing Experiments and Implications for Burning Plasma Experiments... 

The surface loss probability of a species of interest can be determined using the cavity technique as described in Sect. 11.3.1. So far, cavity probes have been applied in low-temperature plasma experiments in the laboratory and in the fusion experiments JET and ASDEX Upgrade. 

The organization of this paper is as follows Section 12.2 reviews briefly the history of plasma facing materials used in tokamaks. Section 12.3 describes the primary candidate plasma facing materials for ITER and the criteria for their selection. It highlights some of the tritium-related constraints on a burning plasma experiment (BPX) operation schedule and provides a brief summary of some of the most recent and relevant experimental findings for the materials of interest. Section 12.4 discusses the current ITER tritium retention estimates and attendant uncertainties. Section 12.5 suggests directions and priorities for further R D. Finally, a summary is provided in Sect. 12.6. 

Plasma treatments of cured PI5878 samples were carried out in the LFE 1000 Plasma Apparatus operating at 500 watts. Gas flows were adjusted so as to obtain a pressure of 1.0 torr for the 02-plasma experiment, 0.5 torr for the CF, (92%)-02 (8%)-plasma experiment, and 1.0 torr for the CF (84%)4)2 (16%)-plasma experiment. An exposure time of 2 minutes was used in each experiment. 

In any case, it is clear that the main findings in the two plasma experiments are the same fibrinogen adsorption onto Silastic from plasma is less than onto poly (HEMA)/Silastic, which is the reverse of the situation for adsorption from buffer, as Table V shows. These results thus lead to the conclusion that other plasma constituents are very effective competitors for fibrinogen adsorption onto Silastic while adsorption of fibrinogen onto poly (HEMA)/Silastic from plasma and buffer is quantitatively and qualitatively much more similar. 

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