Pipeline buried, external corrosion direct

External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) of Buried Pipelines [33,34]... 

Kroon, D. H., External Corrosion Direct Assessment of Buried Pipelines The Process," Materials Performance, Vol. 42, June 2003, pp. 28-32. 

Kroon DH. External corrosion direct assessment of buried pipelines The Process. Materials Performance 2003 42 28-32. 

Stray currents are currents flowing in the electrolyte from external sources, not directly associated with the cathodic protection system. Any metallic structure, for example, a pipeline, buried in soil represents a low-resistance current path and is therefore fundamentally vulnerable to the effects of stray currents. Stray current tends to enter a buried structure in a certain location and leave it in another. It is where the current leaves the structure that severe corrosion can be expected. Corrosion damage induced by stray current effects has also been referred to as electrolysis or interference. For the study and understanding of stray current effects it is important to bear in mind that current flow in a system will not only be restricted to the lowest-resistance path but will be distributed between paths of varying resistance, as predicted by elementary circuit theory. Naturally, the current levels will tend to be highest in the paths of least resistance. 

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