Pigments, Extenders, and Additives

Extenders provide a low cost way to adjust the solids level of a coating formulation. 

Small particle size extenders are the other class of opacifying aids acting as spacers, they increase the average distance between Ti02 particles in a fihn, thereby reducing crowding effects. The primary particle size of these specialized extenders is quite small (typically 0.5 pm), and the colloidal components of a coating need to be properly formulated and stabihzed in order for these materials to work effectively. 

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Modern coating materials are complex mixtures of binders, solvents, pigments, extenders, and additives. Most of these components consist of several constituents. Complete analysis of coating materials therefore requires comprehensive knowledge and the use of various analytical methods. 

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