Phytonutrients

Frost and Sullivan market analysis report (2002). The European Phytonutrients 1.1-1.12. 

DREWNOWSKi A and GOMEZ-CARNEROS c (2000) Bitter taste, phytonutrients and the consumer a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 12 (6) 1424-35. 

GRUSAK M A, DELLAPENNA D and WELCH R M (1999) Physiologic processes affecting the content and distribution of phytonutrients in plants , Nutr Rev, 57, S27-33. 

MEHTA R A, CASSOL T, LI N, HANDA A K and MATTOO A K (2002) Engineered polyamine accmnnlation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality and vine life . Nature Biotech, 20, 613-18. 

The aim of our project was to study phloem as a source of fiber and polyphenols, and to develop a method to improve its taste without losing the potentially bioactive polyphenols. In addition, we wanted to investigate the bioavailability, cholesterolemic and antioxidative effects and safety of phloem and its phytonutrients in humans in a randomised double-blind trial. 

Nutrient analysis of stabilized rice bran and its derivatives indicates that it is a good source of protein, dietary fiber and carbohydrates, in addition to several valuable phytonutrients, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals (Table 17.1). SRB and its water-soluble and water-insoluble derivatives contain all the nutrients at different levels. They are gluten and lactose free and do not give rise to any food allergy. 

Table 17.5 Comparison of phytonutrients and antioxidants of rice bran with com bran, oat bran and wheat bran...

Natural products have been noted for their potential health benefits from time immemorial and are the basis of Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical practice (Bushkin and Bushkin, 2002). However, the potential benefits of several natural products reside in one or two active ingredients. For example green tea stands for polyphenols, soy for soy estrogens, broccoli for isothiocyanates and grape seed for polyphenols. The beauty of rice bran is that there are more than 100 antioxidants, several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as IP6, polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals and trace minerals in addition to fat, protein, fiber, polysaccharides and other nutrients. These phytonutrients and antioxidants of rice bran are believed to act at the cellular level, and their synergestic function is responsible for the positive health benefits. 

Goldmann IL, Kader AA and Heintz C. 1999. Influence of production, handling, and storage on phytonutrient content of foods. Nutr Rev 57 46-52. 

Phytochemicals or phytonutrients are bioactive substances that can be found in foods derived from plants and are not essential for life the human body is not able to produce them. Recently, some of their characteristics, mainly their antioxidant capacity, have given rise to research related to their protective properties on health and the mechanisms of action involved. Flavonoids are a diverse group of phenolic phytochemicals (Fig. 6.1) that are natural pigments. One function of flavonoids is to protect plants from oxidative stress, such as ultraviolet rays, environmental pollution, and chemical substances. Other relevant biological roles of these pigments are discussed in other chapters of this book. 

Cho YS, Yeum KJ, Chen CY, Beretta G, Tang G, Krinsky NI, Yoon S, Lee-Kim YC, Blumberg JB and Russell RM. 2007. Phytonutrients affecting hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities in fruits, vegetables and legumes. J Sci Food Agric 87(6) 1096-1107. 

Frost Sullivan (2002). The European phytonutrients. Frost Sullivan Market Analysis Report, 1.1-1. 

In excerpts 8C and 8D, moves 1 and 2 are accomplished in a single sentence. (In one case, two statements are linked by a semicolon in the other case, two statements are linked by but. ) In just a few words, the topic is identified and a gap is suggested. The remainder of both abstracts is devoted to move 3. Methods are mentioned briefly, but results are emphasized and numerical values are included. Both abstracts conclude with a sentence that states the implications of the work—specifically, that litter mercury is accumulating in soils (excerpt 8C) and that stored beer maintains phytonutrients (excerpt 8D). Abstracts do not typically end in this way, in part, because when abstracts are written, implications are usually not known. However, if implications are known, they are often included. (Implications of the work are nearly always addressed in the final oral or poster presentation.)... 

Rohrer, C. Majoni, S. Effects of Shelf-Life on Phytonutrients in Beer Beverages. Proceedings of the 233rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, Chicago, IL, March 25-29, 2007. 

Nutritional Value of Potatoes Vitamin, Phytonutrient, and Mineral Content... 

Potatoes are uniquely positioned to be a valuable source of dietary vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients because oftheir per capita consumption. In most of the developed world, potatoes are by far the most eaten vegetable (Figure 14.1). Because of this high consumption the vitamin and phytonutrient content of potato will have much more dietary relevance and impact than foods eaten in sparse quantities. Moreover, in the developing world, potato consumption is increasing at about 5% a year and in 2005 the developing world for the first time produced more potatoes than the developed world. China and India produce about one third of the world s potatoes. 

In addition to vitamins and minerals, tubers contain a complex assortment of other small molecules, many of which are phytonutrients. These include polyphenols, flavonols, antho-cyanins, phenolic acids, carotenoids, polyamines, glycoalkaloids, tocopherols, calystegines, and sesquiterpenes. 

Nutritional Value of Potatoes Vitamin, Phytonutrient, and Mineral Content 403 14.6.6 Effect of storage, processing, and cooking on folates... 

A study of 74 Andean potato landraces found about an 11-fold variation in total phenolics and a high correlation between phenolics and total antioxidant capacity (Andre et al., 2007a). We screened tubers from hundreds of cultivars and wild potato species for phenolics and found over a 15-fold difference in the amount of phenolics in different potato genotypes. Many phenolics are colorless, and thus are relevant phytonutrients for white-fleshed cultivars, which are the consumer-preferred t5q)e of potato in many countries. Russet Norkotah has high amounts among the white-fleshed cultivars, about 4 mg/g DW. S. Pinnatisectum, a purple-fleshed wild species. 

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