Physiology disciplines within

Consideration of how traits have been acquired initially and, then, transmitted through lineages has become an increasingly exciting and important discipline within physiology. There are two distinct reasons for the... 

This review aims at giving an overview of the NMR applications in meat science. This may be an idealistic scope, as meat science is not a strictly delimited area. In studies of the conversion of muscle to meat, initialised early post mortem, the limits to in vivo muscle physiology are vague, and therefore the differentiation of which studies belong to which discipline is subjective, and consequently studies have been included where we found it natural. Overall, the review attempts to demonstrate and discuss the different NMR methodologies (relaxometry, imaging, spectroscopy) and their potential applications within meat science based on the existing literature. In the end, conclusions will be drawn, and future perspectives are considered. 

In spite of well-developed classical theory, the interest to investigation of synchronization phenomena essentially increased within last two decades and this discipline still remains a field of active research, due to several reasons. First, a discovery and analysis of chaotic dynamics in low-dimensional deterministic systems posed a problem of extension of the theory to cover the case of chaotic oscillators as well. Second, a rapid development of computer technologies made a numerical analysis of complex systems, which still cannot be treated analytically, possible. Finally, a further development of synchronization theory is stimulated by new fields of application in physics (e.g., systems of coupled lasers and Josephson junctions), chemistry (oscillatory reactions), and in biology, where synchronization phenomena play an important role on all levels of organization, from cells to physiological subsystems and even organisms. 

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