Physiological alterations description

The main differences between necrosis and apoptosis are in the triggers (accidental v. physiological), the process (energy-independent vs. dependent), and the outcomes (with vs. without inflammation). However, apoptosis and/or necrosis can be induced by the same causes in some cases (K16). Alteration of mitochondrial permeability is involved in both apoptosis and necrosis (K16). Both apoptosis and necrosis are found in conditions such as stroke and myocardial infraction (F5), and necrosis can occur secondary to apoptosis (T4). To preserve the usefulness of the two terms for denoting different modes of cell death while still recognizing possible overlap of the two processes (H7), some more descriptive terms have been proposed primary necrosis (oncosis, ischemic cell death) (Ml) and secondary necrosis (apoptotic necrosis, necrosis secondary to apoptosis) (K15). 

From the aforementioned description of mitochondrial physiology and the MPT, it is clear that pore opening and dissipation of the proton gradient will result in relative alkalinization of the inner mitochondrial space and acidification of the cytoplasm. Fluorescence-based assays to detect altered cellular pH and their use in apoptosis will be addressed below, as will alterations in intracellular calcium concentrations. Similiarly, although the mitochondrial electron-transport chain is an important source of reactive oxygen... 

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