Physical state concentration

Transient, or time-resolved, techniques measure tire response of a substance after a rapid perturbation. A swift kick can be provided by any means tliat suddenly moves tire system away from equilibrium—a change in reactant concentration, for instance, or tire photodissociation of a chemical bond. Kinetic properties such as rate constants and amplitudes of chemical reactions or transfonnations of physical state taking place in a material are tlien detennined by measuring tire time course of relaxation to some, possibly new, equilibrium state. Detennining how tire kinetic rate constants vary witli temperature can further yield infonnation about tire tliennodynamic properties (activation entlialpies and entropies) of transition states, tire exceedingly ephemeral species tliat he between reactants, intennediates and products in a chemical reaction. 

The physical state of a pollutant is obviously important a particulate coUector cannot remove vapor. Pollutant concentration and carrier gas quantity ate necessary to estimate coUector si2e and requited efficiency and knowledge of a poUutant s chemistry may suggest alternative approaches to treatment. Emission standards may set coUection efficiency, but specific regulations do not exist for many trace emissions. In such cases emission targets must be set by dose—exposure time relationships obtained from effects on vegetation, animals, and humans. With such information, a Ust of possible treatment methods can be made (see Table 1). 

Characteristics evaluate as appropriate under all process conditions Formula (chemical structure) Purity (identity of any contaminants), physical state, appearance, other relevant information Concentration, odour, detectable concentration, taste ... 

Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Solid a concentrated water solution is sometimes shipped Color White Odor None. 

Observable Characteristics - Physical State (asshipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Agreeable fruity odor in low concentrations, disagreeable in higher concentrations mild, characteristic ester nonresidual. 

Physical and Chemical Properties - Physical State at 15 C and I atm. Solid Molecular Weight 169.87 Boiling Point at 1 atm. Decomposes Freezing Point 414, 212,485 Critical Temperature Not pertinent Critical Pressure Not pertinent Specific Gravity 4.35 at 19 °C (solid) Veqtor (Gas) Density Not pertinent Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas) Not pertinent Latent Heat of Vaporization Not pertinent Heat of Combustion Not pertinent Heat of Decomposition Not pertinent. Health Hazards I ormation - Recommended Persorial Protective Equipment Goggles or face shield rubber gloves Symptoms Following Exposure Concentrated solution will produce irritation, ulceration. 

---