Physical Properties of Cryogenic Fluids

Cryogenic fluids can be used safely in the laboratory or industrial plant if all facilities are properly designed and maintained, and if the personnel are adequately trained and supervised. However, consideration must be given to both normal and emergency operations. This holds true for new facilities as well as for those that have been modified to handle cryogenic fluids. 

Unfortunately, a suitably designed facility may in time become unsafe if it is not maintained properly. Similarly, a hazardous situation may be created if operating personnel are not trained properly. Interesting training programs are essential to all new and continuing operations. These should be coordinated with the overall laboratory 

Howard H. Fawcett and William S. Wood (editors). Safety and Accident Prevention in Chemical Operations, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1965, 617 pp. 

Pearce Williams, Michael Faraday, Basic Books, Inc., New York, 1964, pp. 28-30, 130-131. 

---