Properties of Cryogenic Fluids

NISTELUIDS NIST STN programs for calculating thermophysical and transport properties of cryogenic fluids... 

R.T. Jacobsen, S.G. Penoncello, E.W. Lemmon Thermodynamic Properties of Cryogenic fluids, Plenum Press, New York (1996)... 

Several recent publications from this laboratory on the calculation of thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids contain various relations for the determination of entropy, enthalpy, and internal energy. Considerable interest has been expressed about the derivation and application of these equations this interest generally results from the fact that standard texts on thermodynamics are, almost without exception, inadequate in the presentation of material on the calculation of thermodynamic properties. The purpose of this paper is to derive the functions necessary for the calculation of these properties. These derivations are intended to give the reader a better understanding of the methods of calculating thermodynamic properties and thus of the limitations of the tables so produced. 

Cryogenic fluids (hquified gases) are characterized by extreme low temperatures, ranging from a boiUng point of -78.5 C (-109 F) for carbon dioxide to -269.9 C (-453.8 F) for an isotope of hehum, e. Another common property is the large ratio of expansion in volume from liquid to gas, fixrm approximately 553 to 1 for carbon dioxide to 1438 to 1 for neon. Table 4.13 contains a more complete summary of the properties of cryogenic fluids. 

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