Phylogenetic patterning

Specific differences in toxicity toward each test species were discovered between the various plant chemical arrays. Table HI lists survivorship for these species for alkaloid-producing cacti. Additionally, data was obtained for 20 species in which alkaloids were not detected. The three insect species showed consistent differences in tolerance toward given plant species, with no clear phylogenetic pattern accounting for this. Insects also responded differently to aikaloidal fractions versus triterpenoid glycoside fractions. Alkaloids were found to be generally not toxic to D. 

Ollerton, J. (1996). Reconciling ecological processes with phylogenetic patterns the apparent paradox of plant-pollinator systems. Journal of Ecology 84 767-769. 

N, ELOREDGE fi J. CRACRAFT. 1980. Phylogenetic patterns and the Evolutionary Process, Methods and theory in comparative biology. Columbia University Press. New York. 

List of COGs Distnbution Co-occurrences Phylogenetic patterns Phylogenetic patterns search... 

Figure 15.6. Complementary phylogenetic patterns. (A) The two classes of lysyl-tRNA synthetases. Note that both COGs include T. pallidum] it encodes an unusual class II enzyme that might not be involved in translation. (B) Two classes of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Note that E. coll and A. aeolicus encode both types of aldolases.

The Glu-tRNA amidotransferase consists of A, B, and C subunits. Compare the phylogenetic patterns for these. How can you explain the differences Test... 

Palmer, A.R. From symmetry to asymmetry Phylogenetic patterns of asymmetry variation in animals and their evolutionary significance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. USA 93, 14279-14286 (1996)... 

The elements of diversity and the phylogenetic patterning of morphology. Regnum Vegetabile, 141,165-186. 

Romer s hypothesis that the skeleton evolved for protection (Romer 1933 1942) is more the description of a pattern than a mechanism or model for the origin of the skeleton. It relates to the traditional view that in the most primitive skeletonized vertebrates, the skeleton already exists in the form of an extensive, fused head capsule, together with a trunk and tail encapsulated by deeply-overlapping scales. Any change in our perception of the phylogenetic pattern among primitive vertebrates would necessitate a reformulation of that narrative. 

Smith, M.M. and Coates, M.I. (1998) Evolutionary origins of the vertebrate dentition phylogenetic patterns and developmental evolution , European Journal of Oral Science, 106 (suppl. 1), 482-500. 

The evolution of vertebrate dentitions phylogenetic pattern and developmental models... 

Obviously many more species must be examined before a meaningful phylogenetic pattern can be achieved, and before it will be clear at what points in animal evolution particular metabolic characteristics of the fat cell made their appearance or disappearance. In the meantime, it may not be premature to mention two lines of inquiry which arise from these evidences that the fat cell has changed during evolution. First, what may have been the survival value of these mutations Secondly, by what cellular mechanisms were these alterations in physiologic function and control achieved ... 

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