Phototoxicity orange

Human Studies The material was tested for phototoxic potential in human volunteers (Kaidbey and Kligman, 1980). Five piL/cm2 of 100°/o bitter orange oil was applied to 2cm2 under occlusive tape. One cm circular sites were exposed to visible light or 20J/cm2 UVA. 

In addition, some furocoumarins are recognized to be phototoxic (Kavli and Volden 1984). However, no cases of phototoxicity in persons using bitter orange fruit have been reported, and two of the citrus furocoumarins, bergaptol and bergamottin, were not found to be phototoxic in vitro (Messer et al. 2012). 

Bergamot orange essential oil elicited a phototoxic reaction in human erythrocytes exposed to radiation sources rich in ultraviolet A or B (Placzek et al. 2007). 

Bitter orange oil is reported to have distinct phototoxic activity, while none is reported for expressed sweet orange oil even though both oils contain coumarins (see lime oil) ... 

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