Photonic band gap structures

These pioneering works were later extended by different research groups in order to optimize the control of the packing symmetry, which is of fundamental importance in the growth of PBGs. For this purpose, combination of convective or capillary-based assembly methods with topologically patterned substrates has been successfully implemented.  

---

R. W. ZioUcowski and T. Liang, Design and characterization of a grating-assisted coupler enhanced by a photonic-band-gap structure for effective wavelength-division demultiplexing. Opt. Lett. 22, 1033-1035 (1997). 

Zhou, J., Zhou, Y, Ng, S. et al.. Three-dimensional photonic band gap structure of a polymer-metal composite, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 3337, 2000. 

Sibilia, C., Scalora, M., Centini, M. et al.. Electromagnetic properties of periodic and quasi-periodic one-dimensional, metallo-dielectric photonic band gap structures, J. Opt A Pure Appl. Opt., 1, 490, 1999. 

Figure 3.74. Three-dimensional microstructures (photonic band-gap structure (a), magnified top view of the photonic band-gap material (b), tapered waveguide structure (c), cantilevers (d)) obtained by TP initiated polymerization. (From Ref. [134] with permission of Macmillan Magazines.)...

Different fabrication techniques have been used for manufacturing photonic band-gap structures. Among them are layer-by-layer structure formation [150] and crystallization of polystyrene nanoparticles. The latter possess a diameter of 200 nm. They are infiltrated with coumarin-503. This dye exhibits strong... 

An overview of nonlinear interactions in finite, one-dinvensional, photonic band gap structures with deep gratings is presented. Second harmonic generation and optical limiting are considered in detail. Some quantum aspects of nonlinear propagation and noise reductions are also discussed. 

S.-Y. Zhu, H. Chen, H. Huang, Quantum interference effects in spontaneous emission from an atom embedded in a photonic band gap structure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79... 

Bendikson, J.M., Dowling, J.P., Scaiora, M. Analytic expressions for the electromagnetic mode density in finite, one-dimensional, photonic band-gap structure. Phys. Rev. E 53, 4107 121 (1996)... 

Fig. (2) (color online) Photonic band-gap structures in ultracold Rb atoms obtained from Eq. (11). The black-solid and red-dashed curves correspond to and tc, respectively. Relevant parameters... 

Almeida R.M., Portal S. Photonic band gap structures by sol-gel processing. Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2003 7 151-157... 

Ha Y.K., Yang Y.C., Kim J.E., Park H.Y., Kee C.S., Lim H., Lee J.C. Tunable omnidirectional reflection bands and defect modes of a one-dimensional photonic band gap structure with liquid crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001 79 15-17... 

Leonard S.W., van Driel H.M., Busch K., John S., Bimer A., Li A.P., Muller F., Gosele U., Lehmann V. Attenuation of optical transmission within the band gap of thin two-dimensional macroporons silicon photonic crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999 75 3063-3065 Li Z.Y., Wang J., Gu B.Y. Creation ofpartial band gaps in anisotropic photonic-band-gap structures. Phys. Rev. B 1998-1 58 3721-3729... 

In Sect. 6.2 we briefly describe the mechanism of electroluminescence for OLEDs, in order to identify the main parameters which influence performance. In Sects. 6.3 and 6.4, we discuss the luminescence of liquid crystalline semiconductors and the out-coupling of light from thin Aims with particular reference to the parameters identified in Sect. 6.2. The extended length of the aromatic core of liquid crystalline semiconductors results in a very high birefringence, as outlined in Sect. 6.5, which also discusses possible applications of birefringence for thin film lasers and photonic band-gap structures. Progress in chiral liquid crystal lasers is reviewed in Sect. 6.6 followed by a brief discussion and conclusion in Sect. 6.7. 

---