Photolysis long-wave

Monkiedje et al. [10] investigated the fate of niclosamide in aquatic system both under laboratory and field conditions. The octanol/watcr partition coefficient (Kaw) of niclosamide was 5.880 x 10 4. Adsorption isotherm studies indicated that the Freundlich parameters (K, n) for niclosamide were 0.02 and 4.93, respectively, for powder activated carbon (PAC), and 9.85 x 10 5 and 2.81, respectively, for silt loam soil. The adsorption coefficient (Aoc) for the drug was 0.02 for PAC, and 4.34 x 10-3 for the same soil. Hydrolysis of niclosamide occurred in distilled water buffer at pH above 7. No photolysis of the drug was observed in water after exposure to long-wave UV light for 4 h. Similarly, neither chemically volatilized from water following 5 h of sample aeration. Under field conditions, niclosamide persisted in ponds for over 14 days. The half-life of niclosamide was 3.40 days. 

Solar energy with the short wave length range and long wave range can be utilized by photolysis and by pyrolysis, respectively. As for photolysis, we have (1) the biological area based upon the photosynthesis, and (2) the electrochemical area such as photoelectrochemical with photo semiconductor, with dye and metal complex etc. [13],... 

Alternately, Lewandowski and Ollis have also suggested that molecular HCl may bind directly to the catalyst surface, rather than having chlorine become incorporated into the catalyst surface structure [51]. In this case, the interaction of the HCl molecules with the surface may weaken the hydrogen-chlorine bond sufficiently to allow for direct photolysis of the bond by incident long-wave UV. 

Photolysis of NOJ The irradiation of NO3" in water at its long wave absorption band (maximum 302 nm) results in two primaiy photochemical processes (Figure 12.3a) ... 

Perform photolinkage by adding 10 ml of the HSAB solution to the blot for 2 min in a darkened room at 4°C and subsequent photolysis for 10 min with long wave UV (about 365 nm) held 15 cm from the membrane. 

The detection of short-lived transient species is often achieved by flash photolysis where an extremely short flash of UV/Vis radiation from a laser generates a high concentration of transient species, and a second probe beam monitors any changes that occur after the flash. Traditionally, UVA is spectroscopy has been used as a detection method. However, time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (TRIR), a combination of UV flash photolysis and fast IR detection, also has a long history. There are several different approaches to fast IR spectroscopy and the method of choice depends upon the timescale of the reaction. Measurements on the nanosecond to millisecond timescale are obtained using point-by-point techniques or by step-scan FTIR. In the point-by-point approach, a continuous wave IR laser (GO or diode) or globar is used as the IR source, which is tuned to one particular IR frequency (Figure 3). ... 

For a long time the method of shock waves is the main method for studying elementary processes at high temperatures (higher than 1000 K). However, this method is presently applied for studying reactions at low temperatures. In this case, pulse photolysis and spectroa opic detection of active species are carried out in the rarefaction wave. 

---