Phosphorus halides mercury

Among other reagents causing fission of tin-carbon bonds are hydrogen halides, mercury halides, bismuth halides, thallium chloride, arsenic halides, phosphorus halides, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, sulphur, sulphur dioxide, sulphuryl chloride and organic acidsis. 

Usually, C-mercury substituted phosphorus ylides are monomers and in order to stabilize these complexes the presence of a second substituent on the carbon is necessary to balance the electron-donating effect of the metal. However a dimeric complex 85 has been obtained by the reaction of mercuric halides HgX2... 

In 1912 Delepine observed light generated in the gaseous phase from the vapors of some phosphorus-sulfur compounds in the presence of oxygen [56], Two years later, Bancroft published a paper on the luminescence generated at mercury and other electrodes in the electrolysis of halides [57],... 

In the case of aromatic bodies the temperature has an important influence on the part of the molecules the chlorine or bromine will attack in the cold in the presence of carriers, the halogen enters the nucleus, while at the boiling point the side chain is attacked. The carriers most frequently used are iron, aluminium-mercury couple, iodine, halides of phosphorus, antimony, iron, aluminium, sulphur or pyridine. The halogen is always more active in sunlight, or in ultra-violet light. 

Mercury dicyclohexyl.—This compound proved more difficult to isolate than the phenyl derivative, but has been obtained by the action of mercuric bromide on a large excess of magnesium cyclohexyl bromide. It is much less stable than mercury diphenyl, decomposing even in a few hours to a black oil when kept over phosphorus pentoxide in the dark in a vacuum desiccator. Mercury dicyciohexyl forms white, hard granules, M.pt. 78° to 79° C., which are more soluble than mercury diphenyl, and combines directly with mercuric halides or cyanide in any solvent to form cyclohexylmercuric salts. It has also been prepared by the sodium amalgam method, when it is said to form white needles, M.pt. 189° C., -which can be sublimed in small quantities in vacuo ... 

For chlorination in the liquid phase, chlorine gas is led into the liquid and is dispersed in the form of fine bubbles. In most chlorina-tions heat and a catalyst are employed. Phosphorus and its halides, sulfur and its halides, iron, aluminum chloride, antimony chloride, and iodine are among the common catalysts used for chlorinations. For laboratory use red phosphorus, iron, and thionyl chloride give good results. Aluminum chloride (or aluminum-mercury couple), although a very efficient catalyst, clogs the disperser. The use of actinic light is sometimes used to promote chlorination in the liquid phase, and is extensively used in the vapor phase. The action of the catalysts is assumed to activate a few chlorine molecules which initiate chain reactions. For example, in the chlorination of benzene the reaction begins with the dissociation of a few molecules of chlorine to atoms ... 

Other elements, such as halides, various metals and metalloides (iron, manganese, sodium, magnesium, zinc, mercury), nitrogen and phosphorus were also cycled through main Earth s components as a results of volcanism, hydrothermal venting and tectonic shifting of the crust. We can see the summary ofprebiotic element cycles in Figure 15. 

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