Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony

Bromine has a lower electron affinity and electrode potential than chlorine but is still a very reactive element. It combines violently with alkali metals and reacts spontaneously with phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. When heated it reacts with many other elements, including gold, but it does not attack platinum, and silver forms a protective film of silver bromide. Because of the strong oxidising properties, bromine, like fluorine and chlorine, tends to form compounds with the electropositive element in a high oxidation state. 

C. A. McAuliffe and W. Levason, Phosphine, Arsine and Stibine Complexes of the Transition Elements, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979, 546 pp. A review with over 2700 references. See also C. A. McAuliffe (ed,), Transition-Metal Complexes of Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony Donor Ligands, Macmillan, London, 1972,... 

C. A. McAuliffe (ed.), Transition Metal Complexes of Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony Ligands, Macmillan, London, 1973, 428 pp. 

Phosphorus, arsenic and antimony complexes of the main group elements. W. Levason and C. A. McAuliffe, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1976,19,173-185 (88). 

The magnetic criterion is particularly valuable because it provides a basis for differentiating sharply between essentially ionic and essentially electron-pair bonds Experimental data have as yet been obtained for only a few of the interesting compounds, but these indicate that oxides and fluorides of most metals are ionic. Electron-pair bonds are formed by most of the transition elements with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic and antimony, as in the sulfide minerals (pyrite, molybdenite, skutterudite, etc.). The halogens other than fluorine form electron-pair bonds with metals of the palladium and platinum groups and sometimes, but not always, with iron-group metals. 

In molecules in which the nitrogen atom is at a bridgehead, pyramidal inversion is of course prevented. Such molecules, if chiral, can be resolved even without the presence of the two structural features noted above. For example, optically active 12 (Trdger s base) has been prepared. Phosphorus inverts more slowly and arsenic still more slowly." Nonbridgehead phosphorus," arsenic, and antimony compounds have also been resolved... 

S.2.4.2.4. Complexes of Mercury(l) with Phosphorus-, Arsenic-and Antimony-Donor Ligands. 

Complexes with Ligands Containing Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony 259... 

Platinum(II) Complexes with Phosphorus-, Arsenic-, and Antimony-donor Ligands 706... 

Bodner, G.M., May, M.P., and McKinney, L.E., A Fourier transform carbon-13 NMR study of the electronic effects of phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony ligands in transition-metal carbonyl complexes, Inorg. Chem., 19, 1951, 1980. 

Gallium(III) azide, 72 360 Gallium-based laser diodes, 72 349 Gallium chalcogenides, 72 359 Gallium compounds, 72 344, 355-361 with ammonia, 72 357-358 with phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony, 72 360... 

Phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony donor ligands. A general synthesis has been reported for trialkyl phosphite complexes of noble metals, including [RuLeJ, [RuXLsl, and [RuHLs]+ [L = P(OMe)3 or P(OEt)3 X = Cl or Br]. The complexes were isolated as their tetraphenylborate salts from reaction of the phosphite with methanolic solutions of suitable labile olefin... 

Phosphines and arsines containing more than one olefinic group were neglected as possible multidentate ligands until Hall prepared the tris (orfAo-vinylphenyl) derivatives of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony (tvpp, tvpa and tvps) and their platinum(II) (48) and rhodium(I) (49) complexes. 

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