Radiation phosphorescence

Starting from the energy level of the triplet state a further spin reversal leads to the ground state Sq (phosphorescence radiation. Fig. 14, 15/VI). 

PMDR distinguishes this field from the general field of optical microwave double resonance (OMDR) by being confined to the studies of the magnetic, radiative, nonradiative, and structural properties of the lowest triplet state of molecules that exhibit phosphorescence radiation. Titles such as optical detection of ESR transitions are not correct since the interest in this field goes beyond the magnetic properties of the triplet state. 

Quenchers (Q) are light stabilizers that are able to take over energy absorbed from light radiation by the chromophores (K) present in a plastic material and thus prevent polymer degradation. The energy absorbed by quenchers can be dissipated either as heat (Reaction 1.91) or as fluorescent or phosphorescent radiation (Reaction 1.92) ... 

Quenchers protect polymers by dissipating energy that has already been absorbed by a chromophore, without causing degradation. They do this either by generating heat or by emitting fluorescent or phosphorescent radiation. 

UV quenchers UV quenchers are usually metal complexes, which can decrease the activity of UV light. UV quenchers can take over the energy absorbed by molecules and dissipate it as heat or as fluorescent or phosphorescent radiation. 

These additives are able to dispose this energy either as heat ( dark quenchef) or as fluorescent or phosphorescent radiation to prevent degradation. ... 

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