Phosphopeptides, calcium absorption

Hansen, M., Sandstrom, B., and Lonnerdal, B. 1996. The effect of casein phosphopeptides on zinc and calcium absorption from high phytate infant diets assessed in rat pups and caco-2 cells. Pediatr. Res. 40, 547-552. 

Hansen, M., Sandstrom, B., Jensen, M., and Sorensen, S.S. 1997. Casein phosphopeptides improve zinc and calcium absorption from rice-based but not from whole-grain infant cereal. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 24, 56—62. 

Saito, Y., Lee, Y.S., and Kimura, S. 1998. Minimum effective dose of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) for enhancement of calcium absorption in growing rats. hit. J. Vitamin. Nutr. Res. 68, 335-340. 

Sato, R., Noguchi, T., and Naito, H. 1986. Casein phosphopeptide (CPP) enhances calcium absorption from the ligated segment of rat small intestine. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 32, 67—76. 

Tsuchita, H., Suzuki, T., and Kuwata, T. 2001. The effect of casein phosphopeptides on calcium absorption from calcium-fortified milk in growing rats. Br. J. Nutr. 85, 5-10. 

Yuan, Y.V. and Kitts, D.D. 1991. Confirmation of calcium absorption and femoral utilization in spontaneously hypertensive rats fed casein phosphopeptide supplemented diets. Nutr. Res. 11, 1257-1272. 

In addition, gelatin peptides have shown to accelerate absorption of dietary calcium in animal models increasing calcium bioavailability (Kim et al., 1998). Jung et al. (2006) reported that fish bone peptides (FBP) could inhibit the formation of insoluble Ca salts in neutral pFI. During the experimental period, Ca retention was increased and loss of bone mineral was decreased by FBP II supplementation in ovariectomized rats. The levels of femoral total Ca, bone mineral density, and strength were also significantly increased by the FBP diet to levels similar to those of the casein phosphopeptide diet group. 

Several studies have been performed during the last two decades on CPPs which may function as carriers for different minerals, especially calcium. Published data on the effect of CPP/casein on mineral solubility and absorption are inconsistent, partly due to the diversity of the experimental approaches. Most of the findings in the literature that deal with the mineral absorption-stimulating effect of CPP are based on in vitro, in situ, cell culture or single meal studies. Majority of the studies have been done with rats and have provided considerable evidence for the potential effect of casein-derived phosphopeptides to improve mineral absorption. This potential is not limited to calcium but is also valid for zinc and iron, and possibly other elements that have not been investigated so far (FitzGerald, 1998). Furthermore, CPPs have been shown to have anticariogenic properties, based on their ability to localise amorphous phosphate in dental plaque (Reynolds, 1998). 

Mykkanen, H.M. and Wasserman, R.H. 1980. Enhanced absorption of calcium by casein phosphopeptides in rachitis and normal chicks. J. Nutr. 110, 2141-2148. 

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