Phospholipase C-y

Phosphorylation of the effector molecule at Tyr residues Example phospholipase C-y... 

T11. Tserotas, K., and Merino, G., Andropause and the ageing male. Arch. Andr. 40, 87-93 (1998). T12. Turner, T., Epps-Fung, M. V., Kassis, J., and Wells, A., Molecular inhibition of phospholipase c y signalling abrogates DU-145 prostate tumor cell invasion. Clin. Cancer Res. 3, 2275-2282... 

Calcitriol induces terminal differentiation of skin keratinocytes in culture, an action that has been exploited in the treatment of psoriasis (Section 3.6.2). In keratinocytes in culture, both calcium and calcitriol are required for differentiation. Cells lacking the calcium-sensing receptor or phospholipase C-y 1 fail to differentiate in response to calcium or calcitriol, suggesting that in... 

The formation of diacylglycerol implies the participation of phospholipase C. A simple pathway would entail receptor activation by cross-phosphorylation, followed by the binding of phospholipase C y (through its SH2 domains). The participation of phospholipase C indicates that IP3 should be formed and, hence, calcium concentrations should increase. 

Figure 7. Schematic of a receptor with intrinsic enzymatic activity. Ligand mediated activation results in phosphorylation of phospholipase C (y isoform) leading to hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides (PIP2). Dia-cyl-glycerol (DAG) and inositol-triphosphate (IP3) are formed. 1P3 increases the release of stored calcium. Calcium together with DAG can activate PKC signalling pathway. Association of this type of receptor with adapter proteins results in activation of Ras/Raf/ERK signalling or in activation of PI3K/Akt signalling.

Sanderson P, Calder PC. Dietary fish oil appears to prevent the activation of phospholipase C-y in lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998 1392 300-308. 

Fig. 1. Transitiembrane receptors for NGF. Whereas the TrkA receptor is a member of tyrosine kinase family of receptor, the p75 neurotrophin receptor belongs to the TNF superfamily of receptors. A schematic representation of the TrkA and the p75 neurotrophin receptor is shown, together with their substrates and adaptor proteins Trk adaptor proteins include FRS II (Kouhara et al., 1997) and SH2B (Qian et al., 1998). Signal transduction by the neurotrophins involves recruitment of enzymatic activities, such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-K) and phospholipase C--y for TrkA (Kaplan and Stephens, 1994) and TRAF6 for p75 (Khursigara et al., 1999).

Sekiya F., Bae Y.S., Rhee S.G. Regulation of phospholipase C isoenzymes activation of phospholipase C-y in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation. Chem. Phys. Lipids 98... 

Fig. 11.13. Insulin receptor signaling. The insulin receptor is a dimer of two membrane-spanning a-(3 pairs. The tyrosine kinase domains are shown in blue, and arrows indicate auto-crossphosphorylation. The activated receptor binds IRS molecules (insulin receptor substrates) and phos-phorylates IRS at multiple sites, thereby forming binding sites for proteins with SH2 domains Grb2, phospholipase C"y(PLC"y), and PI 3-kinase. These proteins are associated with various phosphatidylinositol phosphates (all designated with PIP) in the plasma membrane.

S ATP -I- phospholipase C y <60> (<60>, growth factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC y is essential for stimulation of phosphatidylino-sitol hydrolysis in vitro and in vivo [191]) [191]... 

Middlemas, D.S. Meisenhelder, J. Hunter, T. Identification of TrkB autophosphorylation sites and evidence that phospholipase C-y 1 is a substrate of the TrkB receptor. J. Biol. Chem., 269, 5458-5466 (1994)... 

---