Phosphatides occurrence

Carter HE, Clemer WD, Lands WM, Muller KL, Tomizawa HH (1954) Biochemistry of the sphingolipides. VIII. Occurrence of a long chain base in plant phosphatides. J Biol Chem 206 613-623 Casiraghi G, Rassu G, Spanu P (1995) Stereoselective approaches to bioactive carbohydrates and alkaloids-with a focus on recent syntheses drawing from the chiral pool. Chem Rev 95 1677... 

Researchers interested in the properties and occurrence of natural antioxidants concentrate on vitamins E and C, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, sesame lignins, phytosterols, extracts from the leaves of the plants belonging to the Lami-aceae family, oryzanols, tea leaf extracts, phosphatides, olive oil phenols, squalene, and propolis. Barrera-AreUano et al. (1999), Boskou (1999), Blekas and Boskou... 

If the occurrence of transition sequences indicates a decrease in polarisability, then this is perhaps caused by the presence of ester groups in the phosphatide molecule, in the immediare neighbourhood of the phosphate group. 

Phosphatidylinositol is uncommon in bacteria and is found in a few Gram-positive species only. In actinomycetes and a few other bacteria mannosides of phosphatidylinositol may be present. Other glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine have a widespread occurrence in bacteria but only in small amounts. Both of these lipids play an important role as metabolic intermediates (Finnerty, 1978 Raetz, 1978). 

The production of free inositol from phosphatidylinositol suggests the possibility that a phospholipase D type of activity might be involved in this system. The occurrence of phospholipase D in animal tissues was not reported until recently, when an enzyme which cleaves phosphatidylcholine to give choline and phosphatidic acid was found in brain tissue (Saito Kanfer, 1975). It is not known whether phosphatidylinositol can act as its substrate in an analogous reaction. 

Anderson, R. J. The chemistry of the lipoids of tubercle bacOli. XIV. The occurrence of inosite in the phosphatide from human tubercle bacilli. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 52,1607 (1930). Ansell, G. B., and J. N. Hawthorne Phospholipids, p. 40. Amsterdam Elsevier Publ. Comp., 1964. 

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