Phosphamides

Pan shina T.N. Materialy po toksikologii fosfamida i gigienicheskomu normirovaniyu ego soderzhaniya v vozdukhe rabochey zony (Materials on Phosphamide Toxicology, and Health Standards for Work Zone Air Content) Dis.. ..Candidate of Medical Sciences. Kiev, 1964. 

G.l.c.—May be used for the analysis of pesticide residues,212 phosphates in water,212 phosphamide in milk and meat,213-214 and phosphatidylcholines.216... 

In vivo experimental evidences support the in vitro antioxidant effect of squalene. Senthilkumar et al. (2006) suggested that dietary-supplied squalene to experimental rats normalized the enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants after cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity. The rats were induced to have normal cell toxicity in their heart by being fed by 150 mg cyclo-phosphamide/kg of rat. In experimental design, squalene treatment at... 

According to A. Besson, when phosphamide is heated in a current of nitrogen in a porcelain tube at a high temp., the end-product of the reaction corresponds with phosphorus mmonitride, PN. A. Stock and H. Griineberg, however, were unable to find any nitride other than PaNt. 

Synonym AC 12880, AC 18682, American Cynamid 12880, BI 58, Cekuthoate, Chemathoate, CL 12880, Cygon, Daphene, De-fend, Demos-L40, Devigon, Dimetate, Dimeton, Dimevur, ENT 24650, Ferkethion, Fip, Fortion NM, Fosfamid, Fosfotox, Fostion MM, L 395, Lurgo, NC 262, Perfekthion, Phosphamid, Rebelate, Rogodial, Rogor, Roxion, Sinoratox, Trimetion... 

By the action of ammonia on phosphorus trichloride in carbon tetrachloride ammoniates such as PC1,.6NH3 andPCl3.8NH3 have been obtained.1 On heating, these ammines are decomposed with the formation of a phosphamide and ammonium chloride. 

Phosphorylation is the process of introducing enzymatically a phosphoric acid residue into a protein from ATP as a phosphoryldonor. This results in the formation of a covalent phosphoric acid ester with the OH-groups of serine/threonine or with the phenolic group of tyrosine residues, or the formation of a phosphamide in N-phosphohistidine. 

Essell, J.H., Thompson, J.M., Harman, G.S., Halvorson, RJ>., Snyder, M.J., Johnson, RA., Rubinsak, J.R. Marked increase in veno-occlusive disease of the liver associated with methotrexat use for Graft-Versus-Host disease prophylaxis in patients receiving busulfan/cyclo-phosphamide. Blood 1992 79 2784—2788... 

Smith DR, Balashov KE, Hafler DA, Khoury SJ, Weiner HL. Immune deviation following pulse cyclo-phosphamide/methylprednisolone treatment of multiple sclerosis increased interleukin-4 production and associated eosinophiha. Ann Neurol 1997 42(3) 313-18. 

Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug that is metabolized by CYP450 enzymes to produce alkylating species, which are cytotoxic, and the extent of cyclophosphamide metabolism correlates with both treatment efficacy and toxicity. In vitro studies in six human liver microsomes showed that the IC50 of fluconazole for reduction of 4-hydroxycyclo-phosphamide production was 9-80 pmol/1 (93). 

Kennedy MJ, Donehower RC, Rowinsky EK. Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with combination pachtaxePcyclo-phosphamide. Semin Oncol 1995 22(4 Suppl 8) 23-7. 

In three patients treated with cyclophosphamide, phenytoin co-medication increased the formation of the iS -enantiomer (but not the 7 -enantiomer) of the dechlor-oethylated cyclophosphamide metabolite (71). The findings also suggested that phenjdoin increased the clearance of both R- and. S -cyclophosphamide to 4-hydroxycyclo-phosphamide (the activation pathway). The clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. 

---