Phenol flash point

Procedures for shipping boric acid esters depend on the particular compound. Aryl borates produce phenols when in contact with water and are therefore subject to shipping regulations governing such materials and must carry a Corrosive Chemical label. Lower alkyl borates are flammable, flash points of methyl, ethyl, and butyl borates are 0, 32, and 94°C, respectively, and must be stored in approved areas. Other compounds are not hazardous, and may be shipped or stored in any convenient manner. Because borate esters are susceptible to hydrolysis, the more sensitive compounds should be stored and transferred in an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen. 

Commercial ethyl alcohol is shipped in railroad tank cars, tank tmcks, 208-L (55-gal) and 19-L (5-gal) dmms, and in smaller glass or metal containers having capacities of 0.473 L (one pint), 0.946 L (one quart), 3.785 L (one U.S. gal), or 4.545 L (one Imperial gal). The 208-L dmms may be of the unlined iron type. If a guarantee of more meticulous quality is desired, the dmms may be lined with phenolic resin. All containers, of course, must comply with the specifications of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Both 190 proof and 200 proof ethyl alcohol are considered red label (flammable) materials by the DOT, as both have flash points below 37.8°C by the Tag closed-cup method. 

Naphthol. Crystals, mp, 121-123°C bp, 285-2860C. Flash point, 161°C. Slight phenolic odor. Darkens with age on exposure to light. Sublimes when heated, distillable in vacuo volatile with vapors of alcohol or water reduces ammoniacal silver nitrate.1... 

Cumene (Ao-propyl benzene, boiling point 152.4°C, density 0.8619, flash point 44°C) is an important intermediate in the manufacture of phenol and acetone. 

Naphthalene (melting point 80.3°C, density 1.175, flash point 79°C) is very slightly soluble in water but is appreciably soluble in many organic solvents such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin), phenols, ethers, carbon disulfide, chloroform, benzene, coal-tar naphtha, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and decahydronaphthalene (decalin). 

Phenol (hydroxybenzene freezing point 40.9°C, boiling point 181.8°C, density 1.0722 flash point 79°C) at room temperature is a white, crystalline mass. Phenol gradually turns pink if it contains impurities or is exposed to heat or light. It has a distinctive sweet, tarry odor, and burning taste. Phenol has limited solubility in water between 0 and 65°C. Above 65.3°C, phenol and water are miscible in all proportions. Phenol is very soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, and partially disassociated organics in general, but it is less soluble in paraffinic hydrocarbons. 

Detwiler and Markley (76) found that the smoke point varied considerably with the degree of refining, especially the removal of free fatty acids, and also with the mode of oil extraction. Yen et al. (118) found a smoke point of 191°C, which was raised several degrees by the addition of phenolic antioxidants. The flash point of soybean oil, the temperature at which vapors coming from the oil will catch fire from an ignition source, were reported as 304°C (117), 326-331°C (76), 174°C (69), 318°C (70), and 320°C (119). The low value reported by Ali et al. (69) was obtained by using a Pensky-Martens closed tester and ASTM method 093-90. The flash points of hexane-soybean oil mixtures were determined and correlated with headspace gas chromatography data (120). 

Thermal Coefficients. The thermal coefficients of phenolic foams are almost the same as those of resol- and novolac-type foams. Examples are as follows specific heat, 0.38 to 0.42 cal/g°Q flash point, 520 to 540 Q ignition point, 570° to 580°C softening point, do not soften. 

Example Estimate the flash point of phenol. Structure ... 

---