Phase scanning electron micrographs

Fig. 27. Scanning electron micrograph (a) and cross-sectional comparison (b) of screen and depth filters both having a nominal particulate cut-off of 0.4 flm. The screen filter (a Nuclepore radiation track membrane) captures particulates at the surface. The phase-inversion ceUulosic membrane traps the...

The results of the mechanical properties can be explained on the basis of morphology. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of fractured samples of biocomposites at 40 phr loading are shown in figure. 3. It can be seen that all the bionanofillers are well dispersed into polymer matrix without much agglomeration. This is due to the better compatibility between the modified polysaccharides nanoparticles and the NR matrix (Fig. 4A and B). While in case of unmodified polysaccharides nanoparticles the reduction in size compensates for the hydrophilic nature (Fig. 3C and D). In case of CB composites (Fig. 3E) relatively coarse, two-phase morphology is seen. 

Scanning electron micrographs of fracture surfaces revealed the presence of both amorphous and crystalline phases which corresponded to results from XRD analysis (Figure 6.12). What is of interest is that the crystalline phase is MgHP04.3H20 and not Mg(H2P04)2.2H2O or... 

Fig. 8.9 Different methods for spinning CNT fibers and scanning electron micrographs of representative samples, (a) Wet spinning of nanocarbons dispersed in liquid, (b) drawing from a forest of aligned CNTs and (c) direct spinning from the gas phase during CNT synthesis by CVD. Images from references [53,59, 60, 61,62], With kind permission from AMS (2000, 2013), Elsevier (2007, 2011), Wiley (2010).

Fig.18a-b. Scanning electron micrographs on cryo fractured surfaces of a macroporous epoxy prepared with 6 wt % hexane via the Cl PS technique showing a narrow size distribution b macroporous epoxy prepared with 7.5 wt % hexane via the CIPS technique showing a narrow size distribution. Reprinted from Polymer, 37(25). J. Kiefer, J.G. Hilborn and J.L. Hedrick, Chemically induced phase separation a new technique for the synthesis of macroporous epoxy networks p 5719, Copyright (1996), with permission from Elsevier Science... 

Figure 7. High magnification scanning electron micrograph of decrosslinked and extracted cross-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-inter-cross-polystyrene IPN (80/20). The poly(n-butyl acrylate) phase was extracted. (Reproduced from Ref. 2 . Copyright 1982 American Chemical Society.)...

The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) for both IPN-I and IPN-II revealed a one phase morphology which implied that IPN coatings with molecular mixing were obtained by introducing similar structures into both polymer systems and using polymers with low MW and broad MWD at distribution. 

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrograph of hydrated Powder River Basin high-Ca fly ash. The phases identified by XRD included ettringite (bumps on surface), monosulphate, and stratlingite (the latter are both platy).

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM in secondary electrons mode) of the surface features of HT materials ground to 100-125 pm prior to (small micrographs) and after 10-day corrosion (large micrographs). Corroded sample P7 exhibits pits but almost no secondary mineral phases corroded sample P16 shows a dense cover of secondary minerals.

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrograph picture of borosilicate glass (LAWA33, see Table 1) reacted with solution at an elevated temperature. The hexagonal phase is herschelite, (Na, K)AlSi206-3H20.

Fig. 1.5.8 Scanning electron micrograph of poly(p-fer-butylstytene) particles obtained by polymerization of monomer droplets in the aerosol phase. The monomer and initiator flow rates were 1.2 dm3 min-1 and 40 cm5 min-1 and the boiler and initiator reservoir temperatures were 50°C and 25°C, respectively. The initiator was injected into the flowing aerosol at two positions. The modal diameter of these particles is 1.8 [xm. (From Ref. 67.)...

Crosslinked polyacrylamide latexes encapsulating microparticles of silica and alumina have also been prepared by this method [179], Three steps are involved a) formation of a stable colloidal dispersion of the inorganic particles in an aqueous solution containing acrylamide, crosslinker, dispersant, and initiator b) HIPE preparation with this aqueous solution as the dispersed phase and c) polymerisation. The latex particles are polyhedral in shape, shown clearly by excellent scanning electron micrographs, and have sizes of between 1 and 5 pm. 

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of the equilibrium shapes of platinum particles show that both the gas phase and impurity in the metal can influence equilibrium shape, (a) A clean Pt particle is nearly spherical with distinct (100) and (111) facets after treatment in IO 7Torr of oxygen at 1200°C. (b) A carbon-covered Pt particle is cubo-octahedral (61).

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of synchronized KB cells at various stages of cell cycle. Cells pretreated for 20 hr with 2 mM thymidine, released for 8 hr, and mitotically selected by shaking, (a) Mitotic cells (X200) (b) early G, phase (X800) (c) late G,-early S phase (X1200) (d) S phase (X2000).

Figure 4. Scanning electron micrographs of KB cells after butyrate treatment (a) (X400) and after TPA treatment (b) (X280). Cells prepared for microscopy simultaneously according to procedures described in text. The membrane tearing" (Figure 5b) was consistently found only in cells treated with TPA and somewhat in synchronized, late G,-early S phase cells.

Fig. 28 Scanning electron micrograph of high density polyethylene first isothermally crystallised at 128 °C and then rapidly cooled to room temperature. The sample was etched with hot p-xylene to remove the material crystallising in the cooling phase. Scale bar represents 20 pm. From Gedde and Jansson [154] with permission from Elsevier, UK...

Figure 2.29 Scanning electron micrographs at approximately the same magnification of four microporous membranes having approximately the same particle retention, (a) Nuclepore (polycarbonate) nucleation track membrane (b) Celgard (polyethylene) expanded film membrane (c) Millipore cellulose acetate/cellulose nitrate phase separation membrane made by water vapor imbibition (Courtesy of Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA) (d) anisotropic polysulfone membrane made by the Loeb-Sourirajan phase separation process...

N-isopropylacrylamide 1 is added to the polymerization mixture to increase hydro-phobicity of the monolith required for the separations in reversed phase mode. Vinylsulfonic acid 12 provides the chargeable functionalities that afford electroosmo-tic flow. Since the gelation occurs rapidly already at the room temperature, the filling of the channel must proceed immediately after the complete polymerization mixture is prepared. The methacryloyl moieties attached to the wall copolymerize with the monomers in the liquid mixture. Therefore, the continuous bed fills the channel volume completely and does not shrink even after all solvents are removed. Fig. 6.8 also shows scanning electron micrograph of the dry monolithic structure that exhibits features typical of macroporous polymers [34],... 

In the preparation of microspheres by solvent evaporation from oil-in-water emulsions, the presence of base (NaOH) was found to enhance the release of thioridazine from polylactide micro-spheres. The amount of drug release as a function of time was dependent on the amount of base added to the aqueous phase of the emulsion. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that this increased drug release may be due to modification of the internal structure of the microspheres by sodium hydroxide during fabrication. 

Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of typical phase A and phase B samples. ...

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