Pharmaceuticals supercritical

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been widely used to the extraction processes in pharmaceutical industries. Besides application of SFE in phannaceuticals, it has been applied on a wide spectmm of natural products and food industries such as natural pesticides, antioxidants, vegetable oil, flavors, perfumes and etc [1-2]. 

A new brush-type CSP, the Whelk-0 1, was used by Blum et al. for the analytical and preparative-scale separations of racemic pharmaceutical compounds, including verapamil and ketoprofen. A comparison of LC and SFC revealed the superiority of SFC in terms of efficiency and speed of method development [50]. The Whelk-0 1 selector and its homologues have also been incorporated into polysiloxanes. The resulting polymers were coated on silica and thermally immobilized. Higher efficiencies were observed when these CSPs were used with sub- and supercritical fluids as eluents, and a greater number of compounds were resolved in SFC compared to LC. Compounds such as flurbiprofen, warfarin, and benzoin were enantioresolved with a modified CO, eluent [37]. 

Mendes, R.L. et al.. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 356, 328, 2003. 

Residuum oil supercritical extraction (ROSE) (petroleum deasphalting) Polymer and edible oils fractionation CO2 enhanced oil recovery Analytical SCF extraction and chromatography Infusion of materials into polymers (dyes, pharmaceuticals)... 

Tan, H.S. and Borsadia, S. (2001) Partide formation using supercritical fluids pharmaceutical applications. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 11 (5), 861-872. 

Bonazzi et al. [18] reported the determination of miconazole and other imidazole antimycotics in creams by supercritical fluid extraction and derivative ultraviolet spectroscopic method. Cream based pharmaceuticals were mixed with celite and anhydrous sodium sulfate and extracted by supercritical fluid extractor (SFE) with... 

Gas [Gas anti-solvent] A process for separating dissolved materials by selective precipitation with added supercritical carbon dioxide. First used for recrystallizing the explosive RDX subsequently used for recrystallizing other explosives, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and food products. 

The use of supercritical fluids to separate enantiomers is one of the most important tasks in several areas of research, especially pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. This is because it is well known that the two enantiomeric forms of a molecule can display dramatically different biological activity. The use of supercritical fluids to separate, with higher efficiencies and shorter retention times, enantiomers is... 

A number of techniques are based on supercritical fluid technology. Three are of particular pharmaceutical interest, namely the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) system, the rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) method, and the gas antisolvent (GAS) technique [126]. 

Maftouh, M., Granier-Loyaux, C., Chavana, E., Marini, J., Pradines, A., Vander Heyden, Y., Picard, C. Screening approach for chiral separation of pharmaceuticals Part in. Supercritical fluid chromatography for analysis and purification in drug discovery. J. Chromatogr. A 2005, 1088, 67-81. 

SP refers to a family of solid/liquid handling techniques to extract or to enrich analytes from sample matrices into an analyzable format, namely, the final analyte solution. While SP techniques are well documented, " few publications address the specific requirements for drug product preparations, most of which tend to employ the simple dilute and shoot approach. A more elaborate SP is often needed for complex sample matrices (e.g., lotions and creams). Many newer SP technologies such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), " supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), "i° pressurized fluid extraction or accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)ii"i and robotics " " are topics of numerous research papers, symposia and commercial promotion. However, for reasons discussed later, these newer developments have had little impact on the way pharmaceutical laboratories conduct their SP for drug products today. 

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