Pharmaceutical companies investing

In 2000, CMR International estimated that, on a global basis, pharmaceutical companies invested U.S. 58 billion in R D, an increase... 

Over the last decade there have been major differences in die manner that the healthcare systems in these countries have developed and this has affected the way in which pharmaceutical companies invest in R D in these regions. The pharmaceutical industry believes that its... 

Regarding hardware of the 1970s, pharmaceutical companies invested money from the sale of their products to buy better and better mainframes. Widely used models included members of the IBM 360 and 370 series. Placing these more powerful machines in-house made it easier and more secure to submit jobs and to retrieve output. But output was still in the form of long printouts. Input had advanced to the point where punch cards were no longer needed. So-called dumb terminals, i.e., terminals with no local processing... 

A second strategy that is more likely to succeed is to interfere with the process of activation of NF-kB by blocking the activation of the IKK complex or the degradation of IkBs. Pharmaceutical companies are investing considerable effort in the development of... 

Also in the 1980s, structure-based drug design (SBDD) underwent a similar cycle. Early proponents oversold what could be achieved through SBDD, thereby causing pharmaceutical companies to reconsider their investments when they discovered that SBDD too was no panacea for filling the drug discovery cornucopia with choice molecules for development. Nevertheless, SBDD was an important advance. 

Pharmaceutical companies will manufacture and supply antidotes only if they are encouraged by adequate economic refunds for their investment and by simple registration procedures. 

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