Perspective, 3-dimensional

Photographs of the proposed site are useful and a site layout drawing is needed, but a perspective artistic impression showing buildings with architectural facades, vehicles and other site activities improves the presentation. Employing three-dimensional models discussed in Section 7.3 helps communication and allows layout options to be easily demonstrated and discussed. 

It is rather difficult to represent a tetrahedron which is three-dimensional with a drawing of a formula that is two-dimensional. Two types of representations are used, perspective and projection formulae. Fischer projections are widely used because of their simplicity. 

A second product is the ICE Solid-State Model Kit, developed by L. A. Mayer and G. C. Lisensky, which makes it possible to build extended three-dimensional structures Using a base with holes, templates for some 60 different structures, rods, and four sizes of spheres in radius ratios, common crystal structures can be assembled in a matter of minutes (3). Furthermore, many structures can be assembled from different perspectives by teams of students For example, the cubic NaCl unit cell can be assembled with its orientation on the face of the cube or on the body diagonal. Natural cleavage planes can be found with the kit Lifting one sphere will separate atomic planes from one another. (Contact ICE for ordering information.)... 

Nanni RG, Ding J, Jacobo-Molina A, Hughes SH, Arnold E. Review of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase three-dimensional structure. Implications for drug design. Perspect Drug Dis Des 1993 1 129-150. 

Figure 2, A three-dimensional perspective of the structure of Ba1AhMo8016 as viewed down the unique axis parallel to the direction of chain growth and tunnel...

Fig. 15 Initiation of fibre fracture by a crack oriented parallel to the chain direction in a domain. It is proposed that a circular crack with a radius q releases the strain energy in a sphere around the crack with the same radius. Note that in this two-dimensional drawing only the circular crack is shown in perspective...

For the depiction of structural formulas of hexofuranoses, a combination of a three-dimensional, Haworth-perspective tetrahydrofuran ring with a Fischer projection of the C-5-C-6 side-chain is commonly used, as exemplified by formulas 3 and 6. With the formal closure of the second ring and formation of a 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane system, however, the depiction of the C-6-C-3 ring, as in formula 7, also assumes three-dimensional geometry, and this does not correspond to the Fischer projection rule.11 Consequently, structural representations of such bicyclic molecules should be as close as possible to the actual steric situation, as shown by structures 4 and 8. 

Figure 5.36 Pseudo-three-dimensional perspective of right-handed (top) and left-handed (bottom) C4 phosphonate (42) helices obtained with underwater contact-mode AFM. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 145. Copyright 1998 by the American Chemical Society.

Figure 2.16. A cross-section schematic of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (a), with a three-dimensional perspective view of the quadrupole ion trap (b). Reprinted from A. Westman-Brinkmalm and G. Brinkmalm (2002). In Mass Spectrometry and Hyphenated Techniques in Neuropeptide Research, J. Silberring and R. Ekman (eds.) New York John Wiley Sons, 47-105. With permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

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