Persistent Toxic Substances in the Environment of Indonesia

Agus Sudaryanto, Shin Takahashi and Shinsuke Tanabe Abstract 

Growth in industrial, agricultural and many other activities caused by increasing human population has resulted in a rapid increase in inputs of anthropogenic chemicals into the environment, including the chemicals that are generally referred to as persistent toxic substances (PTS). 

By implementing IPM, Indonesia is now reducing the national consumption of pesticides. 

Although the use of DDT in agriculture was banned in 1974, this pesticide was officially used until the mid-1990s for eradication of Culex sp. and Anopheles sp., the main vector of malaria. In 1952, the government through the Department of Health introduced DDT and dieldrin for malaria control in Java Island. The formulation of DDT used was 75% WDP (Water Dispersable Powder) and it was applied two times a year at a dose of 2gm-2. From 1969 to 1974, 8,900,000 houses were sprayed with 

000 houses in outer islands of Java and Bali were sprayed with 

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Sudaryanto A. Takahashi S. Tanabe S. Persistent toxic substances in the environment of Indonesia. In Persistent Organic Pollutants in Asia. Sources, Distributions Transport and Fate (eds A. Li, S. Tanabe, G. Jiang, J. P. Giesy, P. K. S. Lam). Elsevier Ltd, 2007, pp. 587-627. 

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