Peroxy butyric acid

Barter, et al.,1" ] have reported the successful use a more complex peroxide comprised of acid, esters or salts of 3-methyl-3-tertiary butyl peroxy butyric acid to catalyze the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride. 

When the radicals, coordinated with a catalyst, produce polymers, the catalyst is precipitated and inactivated by forming an inseparable bond with polymers, especially in a nonpolar solvent such as benzene. However, a polar solvent such as butyric acid or dimethyl sulfoxide is believed to expel the coordinated peroxy radical from the metal, thereby keeping it active during the reaction. 

Acetals of aldehydes are converted into esters by the action of ozone [111] or peroxy acids [277, 327], Butyraldehyde diethylacetal, when treated for 30 min with peroxy acetic acid and sulfuric acid as a catalyst, furnishes ethyl butyrate in a 69% yield after 11 h at 40 °C [277]. Enanthaldehyde (heptanal) dimethyl acetal reacts with ozone in dichloromethane at -78 °C for 15 h or at room temperature for 1.5 h to produce methyl heptanoate in 90% yield (equation 369) [111]. 

Unsaturated fatty alcohols can also be epoxidized by lipase-catalyzed perhydrol-ysis (16). Interestingly, the outcome of the reaction depends on the ester applied for peroxy acid generation (Fig. 5). Fatty acid esters such as butyric acid ethylester react to epoxyalkanolacylates in a three-step one-pot reaction. Carbonic acid esters such as diethyl carbonate also form peroxy acids (percarbonic acid derivatives) and epox-idize the unsaturated alcohol however, in a water-containing environment, they are obviously not stable enough to esterify the hydroxyl group. Thus, the end product is the epoxy alcohol. 

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