Perfect polarization

Many readers will have some familiarity with the standard expressions for the angular distribution of photofragments ejected from a randomly oriented (gas-phase) molecule by perfectly polarized light ... 

Savich W, Sun SG, Lipkowski J, Wieckowski A. 1995. Determination of the sum of Gibbs excesses of sulfate and bisulfate adsorbed at the Pt(l 11) electrode surface using chronocou-lometiy and thermodynamics of the perfectly polarized electrode. J Electroanal Chem 388 233-237. 

Although the Stokes vector, with its greater number of components, appears to be a more cumbersome representation of the electric vector, it is often more convenient to use than the Jones vector. This is because its components are observable quantities. For monochromatic, perfectly polarized light, the four components of the Stokes vector are not linearly independent, but related according to... 

Quantitative treatments of partially polarized light can be found in the texts by Born and Wolf [2], and Azzam and Bashara [5]. In this monograph, the light will be assumed to be perfectly polarized. It should be noted, however, that in many experimental situations depolarization can readily occur and care must be taken to either account for it, or to minimize this possibility. The most common source of depolarization in optical rhe-ometry is multiple scattering by such systems as dense suspensions and liquid crystals. 

For perfectly polarized light, the elements are constrained by the equality of equation (1.60). For that reason, only seven of the elements of the Mueller matrix will be linearly independent. In these circumstances, a sample can be properly characterized by determining a limited set of the components of M. For more complex, depolarizing systems, it may be necessary to determine all sixteen Mueller matrix components. 

Figure 4.20 shows that waves can be created in any direction v in a crystal. It is sufficient that the incident light be perpendicular to a crystal plate cut in a chosen direction. For a non-polarized incident ray, the crystal produces two light rays of mutually perpendicular polarizations D and D. If one of the two rays is suppressed, the crystal emits a ray that is perfectly polarized. This is the principle of the Nicol prism. In contrast, the creation of a wave in a selected direction s is not so simple. 

Philip Anthony. S. Radhakrishnan. T.P. Perfectly polar assembly of moleeular dipoles in crystals of Zn(ll)(DMAP)-(acac)2—A case of self-poling. J. Chem. Soc.. Chem. Commun. 2001. 931. 

In summary, parity violation in weak interactions provides an easy means to obtain a beam of perfectly polarized muons via pion decay and thus fixes initial muon spin orientation. In the decay of muons, parity violation comes into action for a second time in allowing the determination of the final muon spin orientation by a fairly simple counting experiment. 

The perfect polarization of the muons should not be disturbed in the deceleration. This is realized in most cases, especially in metals. 

In the limiting case of high voltage applied to a "perfect" cell between crossed polars, the transmittance should be dictated by the dichroism of the polars. Defining dichroism of a polar as the difference between absorbances of the polar in crossed and parallel orientations to a perfectly polarized beam, it should be apparent that polar dichroism would have to be somewhat greater than 5 to achieve a contrast ratio of 10 under the above conditions. Literature on commercially available polars does... 

Heuristic Fxplanation As we can see from Fig. 22-31, the DEP response of real (as opposed to perfect insulator) particles with frequency can be rather complicated. We use a simple illustration to account for such a response. The force is proportional to the difference between the dielectric permittivities of the particle and the surrounding medium. Since a part of the polarization in real systems is thermally activated, there is a delayed response which shows as a phase lag between D, the dielectric displacement, and E, the electric-field intensity. To take this into account we may replace the simple (absolute) dielectric constant by the complex (absolute) dielectric... 

Graphs of operating potential versus current density are called polarization curves, which reflect the degree of perfection that any particular fuel cell technology has attained. High cell operating potentials are the result of many years of materials optimization. Actual polarization curves will be shown below for several types of fuel cell. 

The apparent inertness of the noble gases gave them a key position in the electronic theories of valency as developed by G. N. Lewis (1916) and W. Kossel (1916) and the attainment of a stable octet was regarded as a prime criterion for bond formation between atoms (p. 21). Their monatomic, non-polar nature makes them the most nearly perfect gases known, and has led to continuous interest in their physical properties. 

---