Perennial Biofibers Wood Fibers

Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many plants. It is an organic natural material and can be treated as a natural composite of cellulosic fibers embedded in the lignin matrix. It is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic material composed of cells and cell walls. It contains 40-50% cellulose, 15-25% hemicellulose, and 15-30% Hgnin. 

In the first half of nineteenth century, the use of perennial or wood fibers was more common for the production of pulp and paper. At present, only about 7.5% of world s pulp comes from the nonwoody fiber. Wood can be softwood, obtained from softwood coniferous trees such as pine or hardwood obtained from hardwood deciduous dicotyledons trees such as oak. Wood is unsuitable for construction in its native form but may be broken down into fibers and used as raw material for building clipboards, hardboards, medium-density fiber boards, oriented standard boards, and so on. Wood fibers are important components of most papers (62, 63]. 

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On the basis of their life cycle, biofibers are divided into two types annual biofibers and perennial biofibers. Further, these biofibers are divided into different categories such as plant-based, animal-based, and mineral-based biofibers, depending upon their origin. Most plant fibers are composed of celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignins, pectins, and waxes, whereas animal fibers consist of proteins, for example, hair, silk, and wool. Plant fibers include stem fibers, leaf fibers, seeds, fruit wood, cereal crops, and other grass fibers. 

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