Percentage ionized, calculated

A. Speransky, the vap. press, p of a sat. soln. of sodium nitrate at T° K. can be represented by Bertrand s formula log p=7 5172+50 log [(T—74 8)/T], The mol. wt. calculated from the lowering of the vap. press, corresponds with a very large percentage ionization, and the decrease which occurs with an increasing cone, shows that there is a disturbing facto —hydration. Similar remarks apply to the results with potassium nitrate soln. G. Tammann has studied the lowering of the vap. press, of water, at 100°, by soln. of the alkali nitrates. E. B. R. Prideaux studied the vap. press, of soln. of sodium and potassium nitrates, and studied the deliquescence and drying of these salts. 

The temp. coeS. is negative at the higher temp, and positive at the lower temp. this also agrees with the observations of A. N. Campbell on the conductivity of phosphoric acid at 0°, and those of P. Kohlrausch at 18°. A. A. Noyes and coworkers calculated that the percentage ionization, a, of soln. of phosphoric acid when the cone, are expressed in milli-formula-weights per litre at 4°. 

M. F. Hopgood, Nomogram for calculating percentage ionization of acids and bases, J. Chromatogr., 47A5 (1970). 

Fig. 2.6. Calculation of percentage ionization of amobarbital. Calculation indicates that 80% of the molecules are in the acid (or protonated) form, leaving 20% in the conjugate base (ionized) form.

Calculate the percentage ionization of phenylpropanolamine at pH 2.0, 5.5, and 8.0. Compare these results with those obtained in Problem 1. 

Calculate the percentage ionization of sulfacetamide in the stomach, duodenum, and ileum. Draw the structure of the predominate form of the drug in each tissue. 

The calculated values for the percentage ionization, o, are also indicated. W. C. D. Whetham gave for the eq. conductivity, A mho, with soln. containing N-gram-equivalents per litre at 0° ... 

The values for the percentage ionization, a, were calculated by H. C. Jones and C. A. Jacobson and H. M. Vernon calculated the degree of ionization from the colour. N. Bjerrum calculated the percentage hydrolysis, lOOjS, and the hydrolysis constant K for Cr(N03)3+H20 Cr(N03)20H+HN03, from A=[H] [Cr(OH)"]/[Cr" ]=mj82/(l—j8), from the conductivity, (i mhos, for soln. with m mols per litre at 19-8° ... 

The first table ever to list the values for percentage ionized, as calculated from pH and pK, appeared in the first edition of Selective Toxicity (1951), and is reproduced below. For acids it is calculated as follows ... 

Percentage Ionization of the Alkali Metals as Calculated Using the Saha Equation at 2200°C... 

The equation has been shown to be valid thus it can be used to calculate the percentage ionization of metals in flames. Table 9-4 presents results of using the Saha equation to determine percentage ionization of several elements. The validity of the equation also indicates that the assumption that equilibria such as illustrated in equation (9-4) occur is correct. 

In the laboratory, a student measured the pH of a 0.48 M aqueous solution of nitrous acid to be 1.85. From these data, calculate the percentage ionization and the Kj, value for this acid. 

Acetic acid does not completely Ionize in solution. Percent ionization of a substance dissolved in water is equal to the moles of Ions produced as a percentage of the moles of ions that would be produced if the substance were completely ionized. Calculate the percent ionization of acetic acid in the following solutions. 

Appendix. How to calculate the percentage ionized given and pH (with table)... 

Calculation of the percentage ionized. The degree of ionization of any base, in aqueous solution, can be calculated from the following equation, provided that two things are known, the pH of the solution and the p/Ca of the substance ... 

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