Calculating Percentages

Water Determination. The sample is refluxed with toluene and the resultant toluene—water a2eotrope is distilled iato a gradual water-trap receiver (Dean and Stark apparatus). Here the water and toluene separate iato two distinct layers, permitting the volume of water to be read and its percentage calculated. 

Macro variables are used here to put values into the header of the PROC REPORT. Note that these macro variables could have been used for denominators for percentage calculations as well. 

O This DATA NULL step defines three macro variables, nl, n2, and n3, that are used in the column headings for Placebo, Active and Overall therapy groups as well as for denominators to be used for percentage calculations. Note that the variable representing all patients who received therapy serves as the denominator, as any of them could possibly have had an adverse event. 

Remember that if you do not want to exclude missing values from your counts or from the denominators of your percentage calculations, you need to specify the MISSING option in your TABLES statement. 

It must also be said that the tests were typical of real-world conditions with storms and other factors spreading the chemicals around in the test site. Therefore, the comparisons were difficult to scientifically duplicate, and the conclusion we made was only supported by percentage calculations. None of these were 90% or above. More like 65% for Fido and 35% for the dogs on specific mines in the test. 

Crude percentage calculations. Subset analysis. cEstimated from curves. Endpoint was 5-year life table survival but deaths from complications (2 in control arm and 4 in hydroxyurea arm) did not appear to have been included as events in survival calculations. Favoring the cisplatin-containing arm. 

Figure 7.12 PME activity retention (%) in relation to fresh tissue activity. Squares ( ) represent percentages calculated with PME activity values determined after the first blanching step (PMEi ). Triangles (A) represent percentages calculated with PME activity values determined after freezing (PME2).

Afterwards, the percentage calculated in equation (1) has been used together with the REE patterns of the two end members to calculate a hypothetical REE mixing pattern for each of the three intermediate samples according to equation (2) ... 

Fulvic acid from the Suwannee River was used to calibrate peak-height ratios for aromatic carbon content. The application of this method to fulvic acid samples with known aromatic plus olefinic carbon content from various environments is shown in Table II. Aromatic plus olefinic carbon percentages calculated by the peak-height ratio method using lH NMR data closely agree with these percentages computed from 13C NMR data, with the exception of the Big Soda Lake samples. 

In the spectroscopic method, the grafting percentages were evaluated with the aid of a calibration curve. The calibration was obtained by plotting the grafting percentages calculated on the basis of the percent in weight of polyacrylonitrile over that of bamboo versus the band intensity ratio between the nitrile absorption of polyacrylonitrile and the hydroxyl absorption of bamboo. For each calibration point, a certain given amount of polyacrylonitrile and bamboo were used and the KBr pellets were prepared quantitatively for infrared measurements. The infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 580 infrared spectrophotometer in absorbance mode. Similar procedures were carried out to obtain the calibration curve for holocellulose-polyacryloni-trile copolymers. 

Water and salt are excluded from any percentage calculations and, if products are used in a concentrated or dried form, the reconstituted weight must be taken into account, assuming that reconstitution occurs during the manufacturing process. 

With the arrival of war in 1939, Culhane offered her services to the war effort, having sent her small daughter to the country. As she later wrote Although it was often publicly stated that industry was short of scientists the Appointments Board were unable to tell me of a single opening for which a woman would be considered. 40 Persistence finally resulted in a position as an assistant wages clerk, where the senior clerk offered to teach her percentage calculations. 

Percentage calculated from Hudson s optical rotations derived from measurements of the initial and final solubilities at 20 C. 1C. S. Hudson, Bur. Standard Set. Paper, No. 533, 267 (1926)]. 

Deurenberg, R, Leenen, R., Kooy, K., and Hautvast, J. (1989b). fn obese subjects the body (at percentage calculated with Siri s formula is an overestimation. Lur. /. Clin- Nulr. 43, 569-575. 

Percentages calculated with projects for which the data is available. Not all 49 projects provided data for all four indicators. 

Table 5. Comparison of TOC removal yields in percentage (calculated orUV estimated) for different refinery treatment plants (site E has been studied several times)...

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