Peracids liquid activators

The oxidation catalyst is believed to be ruthenium tetraoxide based on work by Engle,149 who showed that alkenes could be cleaved with stoichiometric amounts of ruthenium tetraoxide. Suitable solvents for the Ru/peracid systems are water and hexane, the alkene (if liquid) and aromatic compounds. Complex-ing solvents like dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and ethers, and the addition of nitrogen-complexing agents decrease the catalytic system s activity. It has also been found that the system has to be carefully buffered otherwise the yield of the resulting carboxylic acid drops drastically.150 The influence of various ruthenium compounds has also been studied, and generally most simple and complex ruthenium salts are active. The two exceptions are Ru-red and Ru-metal, which are both inferior to the others. Ruthenium to olefin molar ratios as low as 1/20000 will afford excellent cleavage yields (> 70%). vic-Diols are also... 

Oxaziridines. In the past optically active oxaziridines were prepared by oxidation of imines with optically active peracids. Polish chemists have now prepared these heterocycles by peracid oxidation of imines formed from carbonyl compounds and (R)-(+)-a-phenylethylamine. Two diastereomers are formed in high optical yield. These are separable by high-pressure liquid chromatography. 

In very general terms, the Co-Br-catalyzed oxidation is a particular case of the free radical chain oxidation, common for all liquid phase oxidations of hydrocarbons [8-10]. The free radical chain oxidation occurs with four types of free radicals alkyl, alkoxy, alkylperoxy, and acylperoxy radicals [11, 12]. Other key active intermediates are hydroperoxides and peracids [11,12]. The nomenclature and structures are displayed in Figure 4.2. 

A variety of liquid bleach additives are now being offered in dual-chamber bottles to separate the bleach active component from alkalinity or sensitive enzymes. Several patents also describe the use of the peracid PAP in such formulations, but to date no such product is commercially available. 

---