Peptide drugs chemical synthesis

Bray BL (2003) Large-scale manufacture of peptide therapeutics by chemical synthesis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2 587-593... 

Not only do therapeutic proteins dominate the world of pharmaceuhcal biologies, they are also produced by biological processes as opposed to chemical synthesis, wliich is the method of choice for production of peptides and ohgonucleohdes. It thus seems appropriate to focus the green technology assessment on therapeutic proteins in order to complement the ACS GCIPR work on small-molecule drugs. 

The origins of combinatorial chemistry can be traced back to solid phase peptide synthesis in the 1960s, but as applied to small druglike molecules, the technology started to become widely applied during the latter part of the 1990s. The use of combinatorial chemistry in drug discovery ushered in a new chapter in chemical synthesis within the pharmaceutical laboratory. For the... 

Given a wealth of natural chemical scaffolds for improved drug design, our ability to generate novel pharmaceuticals requires increased understanding of the biosynthetic processes that may lead to their discovery and production. Polyketide and nonribosomal peptide assembly offers enormous potential for development of combinatorial biosynthetic methods. The structural complexity of these natural products often prohibits practical chemical synthesis, which underscores the need for alternative means of accessing them in usable quantities. Research in this area requires in-depth knowledge of chemical,... 

The primary focus of this chapter will be on conventional, low-molecular-weight APIs manufactured by chemical synthesis. It is recognized that APIs also are derived from fermentation, proteins, peptides, etc. Specific regulations and guidelines exist for these compounds, which will not be covered in this work. This chapter will also focus mainly on the regulations as they apply to innovator companies seeking approval for new chemical entities. Separate but similar requirements exist for the development and maintenance of drug master files (DMFs) submitted by bulk chemical... 

Keywords Drug discovery Mirror image phage-display Native chemical ligation Peptide desulfurization Peptide ligation Peptide synthesis Protein chemical synthesis Protein pharmaceutical Racemic protein crystallography... 

Over the last ten years, the number as well as the capacity of bulk peptide producers and peptide synthesis companies has been growing significantly throughout the world. For cancer treatment, there are 218 peptide drugs being developed in different projects." Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry reports that around 25% of all synthetic pharmaceuticals contain at least one amide bond. In addition to pharma drugs, the amide bonds also appear as one of the most prolific moieties in agrochemicals, natural products and fine chemicals. 

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