Pentanol isomer solubility

The solubility of NdX3 catalysts is improved by the addition of electron donors (D). Catalyst activity is remarkably increased without substantial deterioration of the cis- 1,4-content. Typical donor ligands applied in NdX3 Dn/AlR3 type systems are alcohols such as EtOH [92,112,113], 2-ethylhexanol [114] or various pentanol isomers [115]. Furthermore, tetrahydrofuran (THF) [35], tributyl phosphate (TBP) [116-119], alkyl sulfoxides [116,117,120,121], propion amide [122,123], B(0-CH2-CH2-0-CH2-CH2-0H)3/B(0-CH2-CH2-0-C2H5)3 [124,125], pyridine [126] and dioxides [127,128] are applied as donors. The increase in catalyst activity by donor ligands is attributed to the improved solubility of the active species in hydrocarbon solvents [129,130]. 

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