Pentaerythrityl derivatives

Montanari and his coworkers used the interesting polypode ligands derived from sym-trichlorotriazine as phase transfer catalysts for a variety of transformations. These catalysts were quite successful and their formation is illustrated below in Eqs. (7.3)— (7.5). Comparisons were also made with certain pentaerythrityl derived polypodes as well. These latter compounds are listed in Table 7.1 as compounds 10—13. 

Monoamines. No derivs of pentaerythrityl-monoamine (PE derivs in which one hydroxyl group has been replaced by an amino group). have been reported which are sens or expl... 

Derivation Heating pentaerythrityl tetrabromide in ethanol with zinc dust. 

The stabilizer systems for polyacetals are invariably composed of a hindered phenol with a costabilizer. The hindered phenols in use are 2,2 -methylenebis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butyl-phenol), 1,6-hexamethyle-nebis-3-(3,5-di-rert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, and pentaerythrityl-tetrakis-3-(3,5-di-fert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate. A large number of nitrogen-containing organic compounds have been described as costabiKzers for polyacetals, e.g., dicyandiamide, melamine, terpolyamides, urea, and hydrazine derivatives. The effectiveness of these compounds is based on their ability to react with formaldehyde and to neutralize acids, especially formic acid, formed by oxidation. In addition to nitrogen compounds, salts of long-chain fatty acids (e.g., calcium stearate, calcium ricinoleate, or calcium citrate) are also used as acid acceptors. The practical concentrations are 0.1-0.5% for the phenolic antioxidant and 0.1-1.0% for the costabilizer. 

Definition Polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene deriv. of trimethylolpropane Uses Emollient in cosmetics PPG-5 pentaerythrityl ether Synonyms POP (5) pentaerythritol ether POP (5) pentaerythrityl ether Dehnition 5 Mole propylene glycol ether of pentaerythritol Empirical C20H42O9... 

A method described earlier for the decomposition of thermally unstable tin derivatives of 1,3-bromo-hydrins has been adapted to produce spirocyclic oxetans. Hence, pentaerythrityl bromohydrin (46) and tri-n-butyltin methoxide when heated (with removal of methanol formed by transalkoxylation) give the spiro-oxetan (47). Homologues are also available by this method. 

The corresponding aliphatic per-azidomethyl derivative, pentaerythrityl tetraazide, C(CH2N3)4, has been well-known for several years and the crystal structure was recently reinvestigated. The synthesis of the silicon analogue, tetrakis(azidomethyl) silane, Si(CH2N3)4, was reported very recently and can be established in a similar fashion as the carbon analogue by treatment of the chloro derivative with excess sodium azide. ... 

Another series of novel compounds, deriving from the parent pentaerythrityl tetraazide containing the tris(azidomethyl)methyl moiety, were prepared for the purpose of cage based dendrimer synthesis.An important precursor molecule is tris(azidomethyl)metha-nol (Scheme 13.2). With this precursor, interesting cubane (Figure 13.3), adamantane and benzene derivatives containing this functionality were synthesized. 

Two larger derivatives of pentaerythrityl tetraazide, dipentaerythrityl hexaazide and tripentaerythrityl octaazide (Figure 13.4), both reported first in 1981, have been reexamined and studied for their purpose in dendrimer synthesis with medicinal applications and energetic properties. " ... 

Even larger derivatives as the hexaazide and octaazide, a dodecaazide and a hexatriacontaazide, have been prepared by reaction of the tosylates as well, with azide (Schemes 13.9 and 13.10). All four derivatives of pentaerythrityl tetraazide, are colorless liquids. 

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