1,1,1,2,2-Pentachloro-ethane

In anoxic hypolimnion samples collected from Lower Mystic Lake, MA, hexachloroethane was abiotically transformed into tetrachloroethylene via reductive elimination and to pentachloro-ethane via hydrogenolysis. Tetrachloroethylene accounted for 70% of hexachloroethane in unaltered lake water and 62% in filter-sterilized water after 10 d. Trichloroethylene and pent-achloroethane accounted for <1 and 2% in unaltered lake water and filter-sterilized water, respectively. Disappearance rate constants for hexachloroethane were 0.33/d for unaltered water and 0.26/d for filter-sterilized water. At least 80% of the hexachloroethane disappearance in unaltered water was abiotic in origin due to the reactions with naturally occurring aqueous polysulfides, H2S and (Miller et al, 1998a). 

Immobilized haemoglobin (Hb) was applied by Liu and co-authors (Liu et al. 2006) to the dehalogenation of haloethanes (hexachloroethane, pentachloro-ethane, tetrachloroethane, etc.). The observed fast electron-transfer reactions observed in aqueous-organic solvents are promising for the detection of the... 

However, Kleiner et al. [131] found lower LBBs for fish that died after a few hours than for the fish that died after 12 h of aqueous exposure to pentachloro-ethane. Also van Wezel et al. [129] found that fish died shortly after exposure (<50 h) to an aqueous solution of commercial PCB mixtures had a lower LBB than the fish that died after longer times (> 50 h). Furthermore, de Maagd [1301 showed that increasing exposure time increased the LBBs of naphthalene and of... 

Kleiner C, Erickson R, Flandt J, Highland T (1993) Relationship of toxicokinetics to effects of pentachloro ethane to fathead minnows. Poster presented at the 14th annual meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), Houston, TX... 

Dichloroacetic acid has been prepared by the chlorination of acetic or chloroacetic acid, by hydrolysis of pentachloro-ethane, from trichloroacetic acid by electrolytic reduction or the action of copper, and by the action of alkali cyanides on chloral hydrate. The method described here is essentially that of Delepine. ... 

Iron, copper, and antimony chloride,26 titanium chloride (in pentachloro-ethane as solvent),27 and calcium chloride28 have been used as catalysts favoring addition of Cl2 to ethylene to yield dichloroethane at elevated temperatures. In the presence of iron-containing bauxite as powder on pumice (catalyst I) or of bauxite grains the size of a pea (catalyst II), a greater proportion of higher chlorination products is formed at low than at higher temperatures.29... 

Chlorobenzene o-Dichloro-benzene Pentachloro- ethane intensity... 

Pentachloro- ethane 1 Perchloro- ethylene 1 Tetrachloro ethane Trichloro- ethylene I 1 Vinylidene Chloride 1 Methyl Chloroform ... 

Figure 4. Log obs versus Dr-x 10 g/L FeS pH 8.3. Dotted lines represent the 95% confidence interval. The linear equation is log kobs = 8.8( 4.9) -3.4( 1.6) X lO x Dr.x (R = 0.82). Units of are h. Chemical symbols not previously defined are TBM tribromomethane PCA pentachloro-ethane 1112-TeCA 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane and 111-TCA 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Reproduced from ref 17. American Chemical Society 2000.

In the presence of catalysts, trichloroethylene is readily chlorinated to pentachloro- and hexachloroethane. Bromination yields l,2-dibromo-l,l,2-trichloroethane [13749-38-7]. The analogous iodine derivative has not been reported. Fluorination with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of antimony trifluoride produces 2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane [75-88-7] (8). Elemental fluorine gives a mixture of chlorofluoro derivatives of ethane, ethylene, and butane. 

CHLOROETHENE HEXACHLORO-ETHANE 112TRICHLORO-TRIFLUOROETHANE 12DICHLORO-TETRAFLUORO-ETHANE CHLOROPENTA-FLUOROETHANE TETRAFLUORO-ETHENE HEXAFLUORO-ETHANE CYANOGEN TRICHLOROETHENE -9.886 PENTACHLORO- -143.234 ETHANE TRIFLUORO-ETHENE ACETYLENE (ETHYNE)... 

Ethane, 1,1 -(m hylenebis (oxy) bis (2-chloro-. See Bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane Ethane, (methylthio)-. See Methyl ethyl sulfide Ethanenitrile. See Acetonitrile Ethane, nitro-. See.Nitroethane Ethane pentachloride Ethane, pentachloro-. 

Synonyms Ethane pentachloride Ethane, pentachloro- Pentalin... 

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