Penicillenic acid disulfide

Degradation of penicillins in aqueous solutions leads to a number of different products, some of which are chemically reactive with proteins or protein-model compounds and have been implicated in penicillin allergy. Such reactive degradation products include penicillenic acid, penicillenic acid disulfide, penicilloic acid. 

Penicillenic acid was conjugated to protein by an interesting procedure that included modification of the protein carrier. Penicillenic acid has a reactive sulfhydryl group capable of forming disulfide bonds with other... 

Maleimides (Section 11.2.3.2.1.2) are particularly useful for the conjugation of thiol-containing haptens. Other approaches are based on the activation of the protein with bromoacetamide groups (Singh et al., 1978) or on the formation of disulfide bonds between the carrier and hapten in acetate buffer, pH 4.0, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, as used for the conjugation of penicillenic acid (De Week and Eisen, 1960). 

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