Penetration enhancement scanning electron

The combined effect of p-CyD with absorption enhancers such as sodium glycocholate or Azone on the nasal absorption of human fibroblast interferon-p in powder form in rabbits has been described. HP-p-CyD was useful as a biocompatible solubilizer for lipophilic absorption enhancers involved in the nasal preparations of peptides. When insulin was administered nasally to rats, simultaneous use of an oily penetration enhancer, HPE-101, (l-[2-(decylthio)-ethyl]azacyclopentane-2-one) or oleic acid solubilized in HP-P-CyD showed a marked increase in serum immuno-reactive insulin levels and marked hypoglycaemia (Fig. 38.10). The potentiation of the enhancing effect of HPE-101 by HP-P-CyD can be explained by the facilitated transfer of HPE-101 into the nasal mucosa. Studies on the release of membrane proteins and scanning electron-microscopic observations of rat nasal mucosa indicated that the local mucosal damage due to the combination with HP-P-CyD may not be serious obstacles to their safe use. 

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