Pavement performance models

To support the analysis and prior optimisation, some parameters must be established. The most common ones are the pavement performance models, the treatment rules, the impact rules and cost information. 

The pavement performance or pavement deterioration models predict future changes in the pavement condition. They are critical because they determine when maintenance/ rehabilitation will be required, hence estimating needs for future funding. Thus, pavement performance prediction models should be as reliable as possible. 

However, the World Bank initiated a study in 1969 that later became a large-scale program of collaborative research, known as Highway Design and Maintenance Standards 

Study (HDM Study), from which prediction models were established for almost all pavement distresses. The prediction models developed were reported by Paterson (1987) and incorporated in the highway design and maintenance standards model, HDM-III model (Watanatada et al. 1987). These models improved upon the introduction of the HDM-4 models (Morosiuk et al. 2004). These distress models could assist pavement management. 

Most of the HDM-4 performance prediction models for flexible pavements have been calibrated to suit Australasia s conditions (Austroads 2008). 

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Dore G, Konrad JM, Roy M, Rioux N (1995) Use of alternative materials in pavement frost protection material characteristics and performance modeling. Transp Res Rec 1481 63... 

Based on the preliminary toxicity results of a waste material and its potential application in the highway environment (e.g., pavement, fill, pile, etc.), a plan for a detailed evaluation of the material and a conceptual model for the particular reference environment are developed. As depicted in Fig. 2, if the test results show no toxicity, no further investigation is required. If the screening tests show toxicity, tests for evaluating the source strength and the effects of reference environments on toxicity and chemistry of the C R material leachate are performed. The leaching and fate and transport tests required only for the appropriate reference environments are conducted. For example, flat plate leaching is not required for material that will only be used in a fiU appHcation. 

Zhou E, E. Fernando, and T. Scullion. 2010. Development, Calibration, arui Validation of Performance Prediction Models for the Texas M-E Flexible Pavement Design System. FHWA/rX-10/0-5798-2. Springfield, VA National Technical Information Service. 

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